Critical Infrastructure

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While there is not a commonly accepted definition of critical infrastructure (CI), all definitions emphasize the contributing role of a CI to the society or the debilitating effect in the case of disruption. Another common characteristic of CI is that they are complex in their structure, which makes the issue of dependencies and common cause failure an important topic to society.


Definitions

European Definitions

Council Directive 2008/114/EC

An asset, system or part thereof located in Member States which is essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of people, and the disruption or destruction of which would have a significant impact in a Member State as a result of the failure to maintain those functions. [1]


Other International Definitions

ITU-T

Critical Infrastructure the key systems, services and functions whose disruption or destruction would have a debilitating impact on public health and safety, commerce, and national security, or any combination of these. [2]


NATO

CCD-CoE (Tallinn manual)
Physical or virtual systems and assets under the jurisdiction of a State that are so vital that their incapacitation or destruction may debilitate a State’s security, economy, public health or safety, or the environment. [3]


CEP / EAPC
Critical infrastructure is those facilities, services and information systems which are so vital to nations that their incapacity or destruction would have a debilitating impact on national security, national economy, public health and safety and the effective functioning of the government. [4]


UNISDR

UNISDR refers to "Critical facilities" as

the primary physical structures, technical facilities and systems which are socially, economically or operationally essential to the functioning of a society or community, both in routine circumstances and in the extreme circumstances of an emergency. [5]

Critical facilities are considered as elements of the infrastructure that support essential services in a society.


National Definitions

Australia

Critical infrastructures are those physical facilities, supply chains, information technologies and communication networks which, if destroyed, degraded or rendered unavailable for an extended period, would significantly impact on the social or economic wellbeing of the nation or affect Australia’s ability to conduct national defence and ensure national security. [6]

In this context, significant means an event or incident that puts at risk public safety and confidence, threatens our economic security, harms Australia’s international competitiveness, or impedes the continuity of government and its services.

Austria

Critical infrastructures are those infrastructures or parts thereof which are of crucial importance for ensuring important social functions. Their failure or destruction has severe effects on the health, security or the economic and social wellbeing of the population or the functioning of governmental institutions. [7]

Kritische Infrastrukturen sind jene Infrastrukturen oder Teile davon, die eine wesentliche Bedeutung für die Aufrechterhaltung wichtiger gesellschaftlicher Funktionen haben. Ihre Störung oder Zerstörung hat schwerwiegende Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit, Sicherheit oder das wirtschaftliche und soziale Wohl der Bevölkerung oder die Funktionsweise von staatlichen Einrichtungen. [8]

Oftmals wird Kritische Infrastruktur auch mit der Abkürzung des aus dem Englischen entlehnten Substantiv CI (Critical Infrastructure) ausgedrückt. Im internationalen wie nationalen Sprachgebrauch hat sich auch CIP (Critical Infrastructure Protection) um den Schutz kritischer Infrastruktur auszudrücken, durchgesetzt. Konform dazu wird somit auch der Schutz der kritischen Informations Infrastruktur als CIIP (Critical Information Infrastructure Protection) bezeichnet.

Belgium

Kritieke infrastructuur is een installatie, systeem of een deel daarvan, van federal belang, dat van essentieel belang is voor het behoud van vitale maatschappelijke functies, de gezondheid, de veiligheid, de beveiliging, de economische welvaart of het maatschappelijk welzijn, en waarvan de verstoring van de werking of de vernietiging een aanzienlijke weerslag zou hebben doordat die functies ontregeld zouden raken. [9]

Infrastructure critique: installation, système ou partie de celuici, d’intérêt fédéral, qui est indispensable au maintien des fonctions vitales de la société, de la santé, de la sûreté, de la sécurité et du bien-être économique ou social des citoyens, et dont l’interruption du fonctionnement ou la destruction aurait une incidence significative du fait de la défaillance de ces fonctions. [10]

A critical infrastructure is an installation, system or part thereof, of federal interest, which is essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or societal well-being of people, and which, if disrupted or destroyed, would have a significant impact. [11]



Brazil

Infraestruturas Críticas: instalações, serviços, bens e sistemas que, se forem interrompidos ou destruídos, provocarão sério impacto social, econômico, político, internacional ou à segurança do Estado e da sociedade. [12]
Critical infrastructure are the installations, services or assets that if destroyed, disrupted or incapacitated will have a debilitating impact on security, the national economy, national public health and safety. [13]



Canada

Critical infrastructure refers to processes, systems, facilities, technologies, networks, assets and services essential to the health, safety, security or economic well-being of Canadians and the effective functioning of government.

Ensemble des processus, des systèmes, des installations, des technologies, des réseaux, des biens et des services nécessaires pour assurer la santé, la sûreté, la sécurité ou le bien-être économique des Canadiens ainsi que le fonctionnement efficace du gouvernement. [14]

Critical infrastructure can be stand-alone or interconnected and interdependent within and across provinces, territories and national borders. Disruptions of critical infrastructure could result in catastrophic loss of life, adverse economic effects, and significant harm to public confidence.

Colombia

Infraestructura crítica: Es el conjunto de computadores, sistemas computacionales, redes de telecomunicaciones, datos e información, cuya destrucción o interferencia puede debilitar o impactar en la seguridad de la economía, salud pública, o la combinación de ellas, en una nación. [15]

Critical Infrastructure is the set of computers, computer systems, telecommunication networks, data and information, the destruction or interference may weaken or impact the safety of the economy, public health, or combination thereof, of a nation (this defines the CII).

Czech Republic

Kritické infrastruktury: Systémy a služby, jejichž nefunkčnost nebo špatná funkčnost by měla závažný dopad na bezpečnost státu, jeho ekonomiku, veřejnou správu a v důsledku na zabezpečení základních životních potřeb obyvatelstva. [16]

Critical Infrastructure: Systems and services whose unfunctionality or wrong functionality would result in a serious impact on state security, its economy, public administration and in the end on provision of the basic daily needs of population. [17]



Finland

Critical infrastructure refers to the structures and functions which are indispensable for the vital functions of society. They comprise physical facilities and structures as well as electronic functions and services. [18]


Kriittinen infrastruktuuri: perusrakenteet, palvelut ja niihin liittyvät toiminnot, jotka ovat välttämättömiä yhteiskunnan elintärkeiden toimintojen ylläpitämiseksi.

Critical infrastructure comprise basic structures and services and related functions which are essential to maintain the vital operations of society. -unofficial translation- [19]


France

Vital infrastructure is any establishment, facility or structure for which the damage, unavailability or destruction as a result of a malicious action, a sabotage or terrorism action could directly or indirectly: if its activity is difficultly substitutable or replaceable, severely burden the war potential or economic potential, the national security or the survivability of the nation, or to seriously affect the population’s health or life.

The French original version is:

Point d’importance vitale (PIV): tout établissement, installation ou ouvrage dont le dommage ou l’indisponibilité ou la destruction par suite d’un acte de malveillance, de sabotage ou de terrorisme risquerait, directement ou indirectement: si son activité est difficilement substituable ou remplaçable, d’obérer gravement le potentiel de guerre ou économique, la sécurité ou la capacité de survie de la nation, ou de mettre gravement en cause la santé ou la vie de la population. [20]

The French government doesn’t use the notion of “criticality” but the notion of “vitality” with the meaning of essential service or infrastructure.

Germany

Critical infrastructures (CI) are organizational and physical structures and facilities of such vital importance to a nation's society and economy that their failure or degradation would result in sustained supply shortages, significant disruptions of public safety and security, or other dramatic consequences. [21]

Kritische Infrastrukturen (KRITIS) sind Organisationen oder Einrichtungen mit wichtiger Bedeutung für das staatliche Gemeinwesen, bei deren Ausfall oder Beeinträchtigung nachhaltig wirkende Versorgungsengpässe, erhebliche Störungen der öffentlichen Sicherheit oder andere dramatische Folgen eintreten würden. [22]


A recent law about IT-security defines CI as:

Kritische Infrastrukturen (im Sinne dieses Gesetzes) sind Einrichtungen, Anlagen oder Teile davon, die (1) den Sektoren Energie, Informationstechnik und Telekommunikation, Transport und Verkehr, Gesundheit, Wasser, Ernährung sowie Finanz- und Versicherungswesen angehören und (2) von hoher Bedeutung für das Funktionieren des Gemeinwesens sind, weil durch ihren Ausfall oder ihre Beeinträchtigung erhebliche Versorgungsengpässe oder Gefährdungen für die öffentliche Sicherheit eintreten würden. [23]

(unofficial translation) Critical infrastructures (within the meaning of this law) are installations or facilities or parts thereof (1) in the Energy, ICT, Transport, Health, Water, Agriculture and Financial sectors and (2) that are key to the functioning of the society while their failure or degration result in serious service disruption or danger to the public security.



Jamaica

Critical infrastructures include systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so critical that the incapacitation or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof. [24]

This may include water and sewage networks, agriculture, health systems, emergency services, information technology and telecommunications, banking and finance, energy (electrical and wind generated), transportation (air, road, port), postal and shipping entities.

Japan

Critical infrastructures are the basis of people’s social lives and economic activities formed by businesses that provide services which are extremely difficult to be substituted by others if its function is suspended, deteriorated or become unavailable, it could have significant impacts on people’s social lives and economic activities. [25]



Kenya

Critical infrastructures describe assets that are essential for the functioning of a society and economy. (e.g., electrical grid, telecommunications,water supply). [26]



Latvia

Critical infrastructure is the objects, systems, or their parts in Latvia, which are important in providing the performance of functions essential to society, as well as for ensuring the protection of human health, security, economic or social welfare, whose destruction or malfunctioning may significantly influence the performance of state functions. [27]

The critical infrastructure of information technology is protected in order to ensure the performance of basic functions essential to the state and society.

Luxembourg

Infrastructure critique: un point, système ou partie de celui-ci, situé dans les Etats membres de l'Union européenne, qui est indispensable au maintien des fonctions vitales de la société, de la santé, de la sûreté, de la sécurité et du bien-être économique ou social des citoyens, et dont l'arrêt ou la destruction aurait un impact significatif dans un Etat membre du fait de la défaillance de ces fonctions. [28]



Malta

Critical infrastructure or CI means an asset, system or part thereof located in Malta which is essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of people, and the disruption or destruction of which would have a significant impact in a Member State as a result of the failure to maintain those functions (equals the EU definition). [29]



Montenegro

Kritična infrastruktura – se odnosi na imovinu, sisteme, usluge ili njihov dio, čijim bi se prekidom rada ili uništenjem, ugrozile ključne društvene funkcije: zdravlje, mir, bezbjednost, ekonomsko i socijalno blagostanje ili normalno funkcionisanje države. [30]

Critical infrastructure relates to property, systems, services, or part thereof, which would be an interruption of service or destruction, threaten key social functions: health, peace, security, economic and social well-being or the normal functioning of the state (equals the EU definition).


Netherlands

Vitale Infrastructuur zijn producten, diensten en de onderliggende processen die, als zij uitvallen, maatschappelijke ontwrichting kunnen veroorzaken. [31]

Critical infrastructures (Dutch: Vitale Infrastructuur) refers to products, services and the accompanying processes that, in the event of disruption or failure, could cause major social disturbance. [32]

"This could be in the form of tremendous casualties and severe economic damage, or in terms of an extremely lengthy recovery period and a lack of any readily available viable alternatives, while we depend on these products and services. Because the consequences of this critical infrastructure – or parts thereof – could be so dire for large segments of the Dutch population, extra attention must be given to its protection. Accordingly, this protection is designed to prevent disruption and concerns the protection against technical-organisational failings, overloading, and extreme natural phenomena or intentional or unintentional human action."(In Dutch: "Dat kan zijn omdat er sprake is van veel slachtoffers en grote economische schade, dan wel wanneer herstel zeer lang gaat duren en er geen reële alternatieven voorhanden zijn, terwijl deze producten en diensten niet gemist kunnen worden."

Since April 2015, The Netherlands recognises [33] two categories in criticality of critical infrastructure:
Category A: at least impact on one of the following four impact categories:

  1. economic impact: > 50.000 million euro costs and damages, or 5.0% decrease in real income
  2. physical impact: > 10.000 deaths, severely injured or chronically ill
  3. social-psychological impact: > 1 million persons are emotionally affected or experience serious societal survivability problems (fear, anger, disturbance)
  4. cascade impact: this disruption causes failure of minimal two other (critical) sectors

Category B: at least impact on one of the following three impact categories:

  1. economic impact: > 5.000 million euro costs and damages, or 1.0% decrease in real income
  2. physical impact: > 1.000 deaths, severely injured or chronically ill
  3. social-psychological impact: > 100.000 persons are emotionally affected or experience serious societal survivability problems

General Security and Intelligence Service (AIVD)
Sectoren en delen van de infrastructuur die zo vitaal (van wezenlijk belang) zijn voor de Nederlandse samenleving dat uitval of ernstige verstoring ervan grote maatschappelijke schade tot gevolg kan hebben. [34]



New Zealand

National Critical infrastructure is a term used by governments to describe assets that are essential for the functioning of a society and economy. [35]

For instance, electricity generation, gas production, telecommunications, water supply etc.

Norway

Kritisk infrastruktur er de anlegg og systemer som er helt nødvendige for å opprettholde samfunnets kritiske funksjoner som igjen dekker samfunnets grunnleggende behov og befolkningens trygghetsfølelse (NOU 6:2006, s. 31).

Critical infrastructure is the construction and systems essential to maintain society's critical features which covers society's basic needs and population's sense of security. [36]

Society’s functional ability is highly dependent on a number of physical and technical infrastructures. In the event of a failure in these infrastructures, society will be unable to maintain the supply of goods and services on which the population depends (cf. critical societal functions). These infrastructures can be described as critical to society. [37]

Poland

A critical infrastructure shall be understood as systems and mutually bound functional objects contained therein, including constructions, facilities, installations and services of key importance for the security of the state and its citizens, as well as serving to ensure efficient functioning of public administration authorities, institutions and enterprises. [38]



Portugal

Infra -estrutura crítica: a componente, sistema ou parte deste situado em território nacional que é essencial para a manutenção de funções vitais para a sociedade, a saúde, a segurança e o bem -estar económico ou social, e cuja perturbação ou destruição teria um impacto significativo, dada a impossibilidade de continuar a assegurar essas funções. [39]


Qatar

Physical assets, systems or installations, which if disrupted, compromised, or destroyed, would have a serious impact on the health, safety, security, or economic well-being of Qatar or the effective functioning of the Qatari government. [40] [41]



Republic of Slovenia

Kritična infrastruktura državnega pomena v Republiki Sloveniji obsega tiste zmogljivosti in storitve, ki so ključnega pomena za državo in bi prekinitev njihovega delovanja ali njihovo uničenje pomembno vplivalo in imelo resne posledice na nacionalno varnost, gospodarstvo, ključne družbene funkcije, zdravje, varnost in zaščito ter družbeno blaginjo. [42]
(equals the EU definition)



Republic of Trinidad & Tobago

Critical infrastructure means computer systems, devices, networks, computer programs, computer data, so vital to the country that the incapacity or destruction of or interference with such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, defence or international relations of the State; or provision of services directly related to national or economic security, banking and financial services, communications infrastructure, national public health and safety, public transportation, public key infrastructure or any combination of those matters. [43]

Note: this actually is a definition of CII.

Russian Federation

Critical infrastructure of the Russian Federation is an object the violation (or termination) of operation thereof leads to a loss of control, destruction of infrastructure, irreversible negative changes (or failure) of the economy, a subject of the Russian Federation or administrative-territorial units or a significant deterioration in health and safety of people living in these areas, for the long term.

критически важный объект инфраструктуры Российской Федерации (далее - критически важный объект) - объект, нарушение (или прекращение) функционирования которого приводит к потере управления, разрушению инфраструктуры, необратимому негативному изменению (или разрушению) экономики страны, субъекта Российской Федерации либо административно- территориальной единицы или существенному ухудшению безопасности жизнедеятельности населения, проживающего на этих территориях, на длительный срок. [44]



Spain

The strategic infrastructures (that is, those that supply essential services) the functioning of which is necessary and does not allow alternative solutions, reason why their disruption or destruction would have serious impact on essential services. [45]



Sweden

Critical Infrastructure means those assets, systems or parts thereof located in the EU Member States which are essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of people, and the disruption or destruction of which would have a significant impact in a Member State as a result of the failure to maintain those functions. (this equals the EU definition) [46]

Samhällsviktig verksamhet (essential services): Med samhällsviktig verksamhet avses en verksamhet som uppfyller minst ett av följande villkor: (1) Ett bortfall av, eller en svår störning i verksamheten som ensamt eller tillsammans med motsvarande händelser i andra verksamheter på kort tid kan leda till att en allvarlig kris inträffar i samhället (2) Verksamheten är nödvändig eller mycket väsentlig för att en redan inträffad kris i samhället ska kunna hanteras så att skadeverkningarna blir så små som möjligt. [47]



Switzerland

Critical infrastructure refers to infrastructure whose disruption, failure or destruction would have serious implications for society, the private sector and the state. [48]



Uganda

Uganda uses the aformentioned ITU-T definition. [49]



United Kingdom (UK)

The United Kingdom (UK) defines national infrastructure as:

those facilities, systems, sites and networks necessary for the functioning of the country and the delivery of the essential services upon which daily life in the UK depends. [50]

In the approach of the UK, infrastructure is categorised according to its value or “criticality” and the impact of its loss. This categorisation is done using the Government “Criticality Scale”, which assigns categories for different degrees of severity of impact.

Not everything within a national infrastructure sector is “critical”. Within the sectors there are certain “critical” elements of infrastructure, the loss or compromise of which would have a major detrimental impact on the availability or integrity of essential services, leading to severe economic or social consequences or to loss of life. These “critical” assets make up the nation's critical national infrastructure (CNI) and are referred to individually as “infrastructure assets”. Infrastructure assets may be physical (e.g. sites, installations, pieces of equipment) or logical (e.g. information networks, systems).

United States

Systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital services to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters. [51]



Standard Definition

ISO/IEC TR 27019:2013

Organizations and facilities that are essential for the functioning of society and the economy as a whole. [52]

The standard notes that a failure or malfunction of such organizations and facilities would result in sustained supply shortfalls, make a significant impact on public security and have other wide ranging impacts.


Other Definitions

International Risk Governance Council (IRCG)

Critical infrastructures are the systems and facilities by which essential services are supplied [53].

The standard notes that a failure or malfunction of such organizations and facilities would result in sustained supply shortfalls, make a significant impact on public security and have other wide ranging impacts.

Ontario (Canada)

Critical Infrastructure (CI): interdependent, interactive, interconnected networks of institutions, services, systems and processes that meet vital human needs, sustain the economy, protect public safety and security, and maintain continuity of and confidence in government. [54]

Infrastructure essentielle: réseaux interdépendants, interactifs et interconnectés d’institutions, de services, de systèmes et de processus qui répondent aux besoins vitaux des êtres humains, soutiennent l’économie, protègent la sécurité publique, assurent la continuité des services gouvernementaux et maintiennent la confiance du public envers le gouvernement. [54]


See also

History

European Council COM(2006)787

Those assets or parts thereof which are essential for the maintenance of critical societal functions, including the supply chain, health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of people. [55]

Notes

  1. Jump up ↑ Council Directive 2008/114/EC of 8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection.
  2. Jump up ↑ ITU Study Group Q.22/1 Report on Best Practices for a National Approach to Cybersecurity: A Management Framework for Organizing National Cybersecurity Efforts, ITU-D Secretariat, Geneva (2008).
  3. Jump up ↑ Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare (2013)
  4. Jump up ↑ NATO EAPC(SCEPC) lexicon and CRITICAL TELECOMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION - document - EAPC(CCPC)D(2002)8-REV1 (26 January 2004)
  5. Jump up ↑ 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), Geneva, Switzerland, May 2009.
  6. Jump up ↑ Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy, 2010
  7. Jump up ↑ Austrian Cyber Security Strategy, Federal Chancellery of the Republic of Austria, Vienna (2013)
  8. Jump up ↑ Österreichische Strategie für Cyber Sicherheit (2013)
  9. Jump up ↑ N. 2011 — 1799 C − 2011/00399 1 JULI 2011. — Wet betreffende de beveiliging en de bescherming van de kritieke infrastructure
  10. Jump up ↑ N. 2011 — 1799 [ − 2011/00399 1er JUILLET 2011. — Loi relative à la sécurité et la protection des infrastructures critiques
  11. Jump up ↑ Service Public Fédéral Intérieur/Federale Overheidsdienst Binnenlandse Zaken F./N. 2011-1799; C-2011/00399 (2011)
  12. Jump up ↑ GUIA DE REFERÊNCIA PARA A SEGURANÇA DAS INFRAESTRUTURAS CRÍTICAS DA INFORMAÇÃO Versão 01 (Nov. 2010)/ Portaria Nº 45, de 8 de setembro de 2009. Gabinete de Segurança Institucional da Presidência da República.
  13. Jump up ↑ [http://www.gsma.com/latinamerica/mobile-telecommunications-networks-for-the-2014- world-cup/ Emilio Tissato Nakamura, Jadir Antonio da Silva, José Manuel Martin Rios et al., ‘Mobile Telecommunications Networks for the 2014 World Cup’, GSM Association (2011)]
  14. Jump up ↑ [http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgnc-mngmnt-frmwrk/index-eng.aspx An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition)
  15. Jump up ↑ Conpes 3510 (Resolución CRC 2258 de 2009)
  16. Jump up ↑ http://www.govcert.cz/download/nodeid-561 Výkladový slovník kybernetické bezpečnosti (2013)
  17. Jump up ↑ Act No. 181 of 23 July 2014 On Cyber Security and Change of Related Acts (Act on Cyber Security)
  18. Jump up ↑ Finlands' Cyber Security Strategy
  19. Jump up ↑ Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)
  20. Jump up ↑ INSTRUCTION GENERALE INTERMINISTERIELLE RELATIVE A LA SECURITE DES ACTIVITES D’IMPORTANCE VITALE N°6600/SGDSN/PSE/PSN du 7 janvier 2014, PREMIER MINISTRE, SECRETARIAT GENERAL DE LA DEFENSE ET DE LA SECURITE NATIONALE, Direction Protection et Sécurité de l’Etat N° NOR: PRMD1400503J
  21. Jump up ↑ National Strategy for Critical Infrastructure Protection(CIP Strategy), BMI 17 June 2009.
  22. Jump up ↑ Nationale Strategie zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen (KRITIS-Strategie)), BMI 17 June 2009.
  23. Jump up ↑ Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit informationstechnischer Systeme (IT-Sicherheitsgesetz), Deutsche Bundcestag Drucksache 18/4096 (June, 2015))
  24. Jump up ↑ Jamaica's National Cyber Security Strategy
  25. Jump up ↑ The Information Security Policy Council, The Second Action Plan on Information Security Measures for Critical Infrastructures, Japan (2009)
  26. Jump up ↑ Kenya's National Cyber Security Strategy
  27. Jump up ↑ CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY OF LATVIA 2014–2018
  28. Jump up ↑ Règlement grand-ducal du 12 mars 2012 portant application de la directive 2008/114/CE du Conseil du 8 décembre 2008
  29. Jump up ↑ CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES AND EUROPEAN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES (IDENTIFICATION, DESIGNATION AND PROTECTION) ORDER, SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION 460.24, 8th November, 2011.
  30. Jump up ↑ Strategija o bezbjednosti 2013-2017 (2012)
  31. Jump up ↑ De Nationaal Coördinator Terrorismebestrijding (2004)
  32. Jump up ↑ Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 26643 nr. 75 Rapportage Bescherming Vitale Infrastructuur
  33. Jump up ↑ https://www.nctv.nl/actueel/nieuws/kabinet-versterkt-crisisbeheersing.aspx?cp=126&cs=59950 Voortgangsbrief nationale veiligheid 9 april 2015
  34. Jump up ↑ General Security and Intelligence Service
  35. Jump up ↑ New Zealand’s Cyber Security Strategy (2011)
  36. Jump up ↑ VEILEDNING Sikkerhet i kritisk infrastruktur og kritiske samfunnsfunksjoner – modell for overordnet risikostyring
  37. Jump up ↑ Cyber Security Strategy for Norway (2012)
  38. Jump up ↑ Polish Government Centre for Security (2013)
  39. Jump up ↑ Decreto-Lei n.º 62/2011 de 9 de Maio (2011)
  40. Jump up ↑ QATAR National Cyber Security Strategy (May 2014)
  41. Jump up ↑ الاستراتيجية الوطنية للأمن السيبراني QATAR NCSS - Arabic version (May 2014)
  42. Jump up ↑ [1]
  43. Jump up ↑ Government of the Republic of Trinidad & Tobago, National Cyber Security Strategy (December 2012)
  44. Jump up ↑ NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA - Information security (February 3, 2012, № 803)
  45. Jump up ↑ CNPIC
  46. Jump up ↑ Action Plan for the Protection of Vital Societal Functions & Critical Infrastructure, Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) (2014)
  47. Jump up ↑ Handlingsplan för skydd av samhällsviktig verksamhet, Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) (2014)
  48. Jump up ↑ National strategy for the protection of Switzerland against cyber risks (2012)
  49. Jump up ↑ National Information Security Policy (2011)
  50. Jump up ↑ Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI)
  51. Jump up ↑ §1016(e) of the United States Patriot Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C. §5195c(e))
  52. Jump up ↑ ISO/IEC TR 27019:2013 Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management guidelines based on ISO/IEC 27002 for process control systems specific to the energy utility industry.
  53. Jump up ↑ IRCG webpage on CI
  54. ↑ Jump up to: 54.0 54.1 Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms
  55. Jump up ↑ EC COM(2006) 787 final, Directive of the Council on the identification and designation of European Critical Infrastructure and the assessment of the need to improve their protection, EC, Brussels 12.12.2006.
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