Hazard
Hazard | Gefährdung | Peligro | Vaara | Rischio potenziale | ハザード | Zagrożenie | Perigo | 危险
The definitions of the terms "Hazard" and "Threat" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. A usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry.
Contents
- 1 Definitions
- 1.1 European Definitions
- 1.2 European Project Definitions
- 1.3 Other International Definitions
- 1.4 National Definitions
- 1.4.1 Australia
- 1.4.2 Canada
- 1.4.3 Chile
- 1.4.4 El Salvador
- 1.4.5 Finland
- 1.4.6 Germany
- 1.4.7 India
- 1.4.8 Ireland
- 1.4.9 Italy
- 1.4.10 Madagascar
- 1.4.11 Nepal
- 1.4.12 Peru
- 1.4.13 Republic of Trinidad & Tobago
- 1.4.14 Saint Lucia
- 1.4.15 Singapore
- 1.4.16 Slovakia
- 1.4.17 South Africa
- 1.4.18 Switzerland
- 1.4.19 Tanzania
- 1.4.20 Tonga
- 1.4.21 United Kingdom (UK)
- 1.4.22 United States
- 1.5 Other Definitions
- 1.6 Standard Definition
- 2 Discussion
- 3 See also
- 4 Notes
- 5 References
Definitions
European Definitions
Council of Europe
EU
EU JRC
A situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment.
European Project Definitions
CIPRNet project
The CIPRNet project [4] uses the following definition:
Other International Definitions
CARICOM
IPCC
UNDRR
The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)[8] are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.
پديده، عنصر، فعاليت انساني و يا وضعيتي خطرناك كه ممكن است آسيب جاني، جراحت ها و يا سايرتاثيرات
سلامتي، آسيب به دارايي ها، آسيب به معيشت ها و خدمات، درهم گسيختگي اجتماعي و اقتصادي و ي
آسيب هاي زيست محيطي را به همراه داشته و سبب گردد را شامل مي شود.
UNDHA
WHO
National Definitions
Australia
New South Wales
Canada
Phénomène, événement physique ou activité humaine susceptible d’occasionner des pertes en vies humaines ou des blessures, des dommages aux biens, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation de l’environnement. [22] [23]
Chile
Se expresa como la probabilidad de que fenómeno se presente con una cierta intensidad, en un sitio especifico y dentro de un periodo de tiempo definido.
El Salvador
Es un factor de riesgo externo de un elemento o grupo de elementos expuestos, que se expresa como la probabilidad de que un evento se presente con una cierta intensidad, en un sitio especifico y en dentro de un periodo de tiempo definido.
Finland
Hazard: very probably realising or already realised, presently influencing harmful event or development. -unofficial translation- [26]
Germany
India
Ireland
Italy
Madagascar
Dans de nombreux cas, ces dégâts peuvent être anticipés et estimés
Nepal
Peru
Es un evento físico que puede representar un peligro para un sistema. Las amenazas incluyen los acontecimientos extremos temporarios como las sequías, las precipitaciones intensas (muchas veces asociadas a las inundaciones), los vendavales, las marejadas ciclónicas, el calor extremo y los cambios efectivamente irreversibles y a más largo plazo, como la desecación climática, el aumento del nivel del mar, el colapso de los sistemas ecológicos inducido por el clima, la pérdida de recursos hídricos (p. ej., los asociados con los glaciares), y los cambios en los niveles del agua subterránea. Otras amenazas “indirectas” del cambio climático pueden incluir los cambios en la distribución de pestes o enfermedades, y las reducciones de los recursos naturales (UNDP, 2009b).
Republic of Trinidad & Tobago
Saint Lucia
Hazards include earthquakes, fire, explosion, chemical spillage, flood, epidemics, hurricanes, landslide, storm surge, tidal wave or volcanic eruption.
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
Switzerland
Etat ou processus dont peut découler un dommage à un bien digne de protection. [41]
Stato o avvenimento che può causare danni a un bene degno di protezione. [42]
Tanzania
Tonga
United Kingdom (UK)
Note: A hazard does not necessarily cause harm.
United States
DHS
DoD
NIMS
Other Definitions
EM-DAT
Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins.
Ontario (Canada)
These may include natural, technological or human-caused incidents or some combination of these.
Ces dangers peuvent être d’origine naturelle, technologique ou humaine, ou une combinaison de ces facteurs.
Standard Definition
IEC
ISA
ISO 73:2009
ISO/PAS 22399:2007 / ISO 22300:2012(en)
Discussion
Since the terms Threat and Hazard present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of CIPedia©.
Example: The weather report indicated that a flood threat/hazard would be emerging. Shortly thereafter, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding incident along the Elbe. As impacts of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect impacts were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The consequences of the flooding incidents were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production.
The last sentence shows that cascading effects need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a mitigation action to prevent further harm (to people, to a Critical Infrastructure, to economy).
See also
- Biological Hazard
- Climate Hazard
- Geological Hazard
- Hydrometeorological Hazard
- Natural Hazard
- Socio-natural Hazard
- Technological Hazard
Notes
References
- Jump up ↑ GLOSSAIRE MULTILINGUE DE LA GESTION DU RISQUE pour usagers francophones (2007)/European Centre of Technological Safety (TESEC) - TESEC-EUR-OPA 2001)
- Jump up ↑ European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012
- Jump up ↑ Definition of an assessment framework for projects of common interest in the field of smart grids, 2014
- Jump up ↑ http://www.ciprnet.eu/
- Jump up ↑ Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) Regional Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy and Results Framework 2014-2024
- Jump up ↑ IPCC
- Jump up ↑ 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction
- Jump up ↑ Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
- Jump up ↑ UNISDR glossary
- Jump up ↑ UNISDR glossary
- Jump up ↑ UNISDR glossary
- Jump up ↑ UNISDR glossary
- Jump up ↑ UNISDR glossary in Bahasa
- Jump up ↑ UNISDR glossary in Malay
- Jump up ↑ Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management in Farsi
- ↑ Jump up to: 16.0 16.1 16.2 Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management
- Jump up ↑ WHO: Glossary of Humanitarian Terms
- Jump up ↑ Protective Security Policy Framework - Glossary Oct 2017
- ↑ Jump up to: 19.0 19.1 19.2 Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)
- Jump up ↑ Health impacts of climate change: Adaptation strategies for western Australia (2008)
- Jump up ↑ NSW Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy Partner, Prepare, Provide (2018)
- Jump up ↑ An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition)
- Jump up ↑ Vocabulaire de la gestion des urgencies/Emergency Management Emergency Management Vocabulary 281 (2012)
- Jump up ↑ GUÍA ANÁLISIS DE RIESGOS NATURALES PARA EL ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Regional y Administrativo (SUBDERE) Primera Edición, Junio 2011
- Jump up ↑ Glosario de Riesgo, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, El Salvador
- Jump up ↑ Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)
- Jump up ↑ Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.
- Jump up ↑ National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)- (2016)
- Jump up ↑ A FRAMEWORK FOR MAJOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (APPENDICES)
- Jump up ↑ Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Glossario
- Jump up ↑ Stratégie Nationale de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes – Madagascar (2014)
- Jump up ↑ Climate Change and Community Based Adaptation Planning Training Manual, Government of Nepal (2015)
- Jump up ↑ Portal de Cambio Climático
- Jump up ↑ El Centro Nacional de Estimación, Prevención y Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres - CENEPRED, Glosario de Términos, Peru
- Jump up ↑ Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago
- Jump up ↑ Government of Saint Lucia Disaster Management Policy Framework for Saint Lucia, 2004
- Jump up ↑ Singapore Standard SS 540: 2008 on Business Continuity
- Jump up ↑ BEZPEČNOSTNÁ RADA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY
- Jump up ↑ Disaster Management Definitions Western Cape Government
- Jump up ↑ Glossar der Risikobegriffe, Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz BABS, 29.4.2013
- Jump up ↑ Glossaire des risques, Office fédéral de la protection de la population, 29.4.2013
- Jump up ↑ Glossario sui rischi, Ufficio federale della protezione della popolazione UFPP, 29.4.2013
- Jump up ↑ United Republic of Tanzania Guidelines for Management of Environmental Emergencies 2014
- Jump up ↑ Tonga climate change ministry glossary
- Jump up ↑ Glossary - Revision to Emergency Preparedness, Cabinet Office (2012)
- Jump up ↑ The National Adaptation Programme: Making the country resilient to a changing climate, UK Government (2013)
- Jump up ↑ DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010
- Jump up ↑ DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD PRACTICE FOR SYSTEM SAFETY, MIL-STD-882D (2000)
- Jump up ↑ National Incident Management Plan (core)
- Jump up ↑ EM-DAT disaster database glossary
- ↑ Jump up to: 51.0 51.1 Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms
- ↑ Jump up to: 52.0 52.1 IEC IEV 351-57-01
- Jump up ↑ ISA WG7; IEC 61784-3-18 (2011-04)
- Jump up ↑ ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary
- Jump up ↑ ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.