Difference between revisions of "Hazard"
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{{definition|Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health [[impact|impacts]], property [[damage]], loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental [[damage]]. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref>}} | {{definition|Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health [[impact|impacts]], property [[damage]], loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental [[damage]]. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref>}} | ||
− | <big>The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)<ref>[http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)]</ref> are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.</big><br/> | + | <big>The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)<ref>[http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)]</ref> are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.</big><br/><br/> |
{{definition|Aléa: Un phénomène dangereux, une substance, activité humaine ou condition pouvant causer des pertes de vies humaines, des blessures ou d’autres effets sur la santé, des dommages aux biens, des pertes de moyens de subsistance et des services, des perturbations socio-économiques, ou des dommages à l’environnement. <ref>[http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyFrench.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/> | {{definition|Aléa: Un phénomène dangereux, une substance, activité humaine ou condition pouvant causer des pertes de vies humaines, des blessures ou d’autres effets sur la santé, des dommages aux biens, des pertes de moyens de subsistance et des services, des perturbations socio-économiques, ou des dommages à l’environnement. <ref>[http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyFrench.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/> |
Revision as of 01:02, 7 December 2016
The definitions of the terms "Hazard" and "Threat" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. A usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry.
Contents
Definitions
European Definitions
EU
Other International Definitions
CARICOM
IPCC
UNISDR
The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)[5] are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.
National Definitions
Australia
Canada
Phénomène, événement physique ou activité humaine susceptible d’occasionner des pertes en vies humaines ou des blessures, des dommages aux biens, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation de l’environnement. [13] [14]
Finland
Hazard: very probably realising or already realised, presently influencing harmful event or development. -unofficial translation- [15]
Germany
Ireland
Republic of Trinidad & Tobago
Singapore
Switzerland
Etat ou processus dont peut découler un dommage à un bien digne de protection. [21]
Stato o avvenimento che può causare danni a un bene degno di protezione. [22]
United Kingdom (UK)
Note: A hazard does not necessarily cause harm.
United States
DHS
NIMS
Other Definitions
EM-DAT
Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins.
Ontario (Canada)
These may include natural, technological or human-caused incidents or some combination of these.
Ces dangers peuvent être d’origine naturelle, technologique ou humaine, ou une combinaison de ces facteurs.
Standard Definition
ISA
ISO 73:2009
ISO/PAS 22399:2007
Discussion
Since the terms Threat and Hazard present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of CIPedia©.
Example: The weather report indicated that a flood threat/hazard would be emerging. Shortly thereafter, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding incident along the Elbe. As impacts of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect impacts were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The consequences of the flooding incidents were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production.
The last sentence shows that cascading effects need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a mitigation action to prevent further harm (to people, to a Critical Infrastructure, to economy).
See also
- Biological Hazard
- Climate Hazard
- Geological Hazard
- Hydrometeorological Hazard
- Natural Hazard
- Socio-natural Hazard
- Technological Hazard
Notes
- ↑ European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012
- ↑ Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) Regional Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy and Results Framework 2014-2024
- ↑ IPCC
- ↑ 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction
- ↑ Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
- ↑ UNISDR glossary
- ↑ UNISDR glossary
- ↑ UNISDR glossary
- ↑ UNISDR glossary
- ↑ UNISDR glossary in Bahasa
- ↑ UNISDR glossary in Malay
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)
- ↑ An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition)
- ↑ Vocabulaire de la gestion des urgencies/Emergency Management Emergency Management Vocabulary 281 (2012)
- ↑ Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)
- ↑ Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.
- ↑ A FRAMEWORK FOR MAJOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (APPENDICES)
- ↑ Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago
- ↑ Singapore Standard SS 540: 2008 on Business Continuity
- ↑ Glossar der Risikobegriffe, Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz BABS, 29.4.2013
- ↑ Glossaire des risques, Office fédéral de la protection de la population, 29.4.2013
- ↑ Glossario sui rischi, Ufficio federale della protezione della popolazione UFPP, 29.4.2013
- ↑ Glossary - Revision to Emergency Preparedness, Cabinet Office (2012)
- ↑ The National Adaptation Programme: Making the country resilient to a changing climate, UK Government (2013)
- ↑ DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010
- ↑ National Incident Management Plan (core)
- ↑ EM-DAT disaster database glossary
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms
- ↑ ISA WG7; IEC 61784-3-18 (2011-04)
- ↑ ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary
- ↑ ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.