Difference between revisions of "Hazard"
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==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
=== European Definitions === | === European Definitions === | ||
+ | ====[[EU]]==== | ||
{{definition|An accidental or naturally occurring phenomenon with the potential to cause physical or psychological [[harm]] to humans including loss of life, [[damage]] or losses of property, and/or disruption to the environment or to structures (economic social, political) upon which a community's way of life depends. <ref name="CBRN">[https://cbrn.jrc.ec.europa.eu European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012]</ref>}} | {{definition|An accidental or naturally occurring phenomenon with the potential to cause physical or psychological [[harm]] to humans including loss of life, [[damage]] or losses of property, and/or disruption to the environment or to structures (economic social, political) upon which a community's way of life depends. <ref name="CBRN">[https://cbrn.jrc.ec.europa.eu European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012]</ref>}} | ||
=== Other International Definitions === | === Other International Definitions === | ||
− | ==== UNISDR ==== | + | ==== [[UNISDR]] ==== |
{{definition|A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health [[impact|impacts]], property [[damage]], loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental [[damage]]. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref>}} | {{definition|A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health [[impact|impacts]], property [[damage]], loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental [[damage]]. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref>}} | ||
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=== National Definitions === | === National Definitions === | ||
− | ==== Australia ==== | + | ==== [[Australia]] ==== |
{{definition| Hazard is a source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition| Hazard is a source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
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{{definition| Hazard is an intrinsic capacity associated with an agent or process capable of causing harm. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition| Hazard is an intrinsic capacity associated with an agent or process capable of causing harm. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
− | ==== Canada ==== | + | ==== [[Canada]] ==== |
{{definition| Hazard is a potentially damaging physical [[event]], phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. <br /><br />Phénomène, événement physique ou activité humaine susceptible d’occasionner des pertes en vies humaines ou des blessures, des dommages aux biens, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation de l’environnement. <ref>[http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgnc-mngmnt-frmwrk/index-eng.aspx An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition) </ref> <ref name="canada">[http://www.bt-tb.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/publications/documents/urgence-emergency.pdf Vocabulaire de la gestion des urgencies/Emergency Management Emergency Management Vocabulary 281 (2012)]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition| Hazard is a potentially damaging physical [[event]], phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. <br /><br />Phénomène, événement physique ou activité humaine susceptible d’occasionner des pertes en vies humaines ou des blessures, des dommages aux biens, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation de l’environnement. <ref>[http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgnc-mngmnt-frmwrk/index-eng.aspx An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition) </ref> <ref name="canada">[http://www.bt-tb.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/publications/documents/urgence-emergency.pdf Vocabulaire de la gestion des urgencies/Emergency Management Emergency Management Vocabulary 281 (2012)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
− | ====Finland==== | + | ====[[Finland]]==== |
{{definition|Vaara: hyvin todennäköisesti toteutuva tai jo toteutunut, parhaillaan vaikuttava haitallinen tapahtuma tai kehityskulku.<br/><br/>Hazard: very probably realising or already realised, presently influencing harmful [[event]] or development. -''unofficial translation''- <ref name=TSK>[http://www.spek.fi/loader.aspx?id=1c66e01d-a75e-4a9a-80ec-9816340ce752 Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition|Vaara: hyvin todennäköisesti toteutuva tai jo toteutunut, parhaillaan vaikuttava haitallinen tapahtuma tai kehityskulku.<br/><br/>Hazard: very probably realising or already realised, presently influencing harmful [[event]] or development. -''unofficial translation''- <ref name=TSK>[http://www.spek.fi/loader.aspx?id=1c66e01d-a75e-4a9a-80ec-9816340ce752 Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
− | ==== Germany==== | + | ==== [[Germany]]==== |
{{definition|(Concrete) effects of dangers/[[threat]]s (natural phenomena, technical failure or human error, human misconduct) on [[Critical Infrastructure]]s.<ref>http://www.kritis.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/Kritis/EN/Baseline%20Protection%20Concept.pdf Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.</ref>.}} | {{definition|(Concrete) effects of dangers/[[threat]]s (natural phenomena, technical failure or human error, human misconduct) on [[Critical Infrastructure]]s.<ref>http://www.kritis.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/Kritis/EN/Baseline%20Protection%20Concept.pdf Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.</ref>.}} | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
− | ==== Republic of Trinidad & Tobago ==== | + | ==== [[Republic of Trinidad & Tobago]] ==== |
{{definition|A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental [[damage]]. <ref>[http://www.odpm.gov.tt/sites/default/files/Comprehensive%20Disaster%20Management%20Policy%20Framework%20for%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago.pdf Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago]</ref>}} <br /> | {{definition|A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental [[damage]]. <ref>[http://www.odpm.gov.tt/sites/default/files/Comprehensive%20Disaster%20Management%20Policy%20Framework%20for%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago.pdf Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago]</ref>}} <br /> | ||
====Singapore==== | ====Singapore==== | ||
{{definition|An [[event]] or physical condition that has the potential to cause harm or loss. <ref>Singapore Standard SS 540: 2008 on Business Continuity</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition|An [[event]] or physical condition that has the potential to cause harm or loss. <ref>Singapore Standard SS 540: 2008 on Business Continuity</ref>}}<br /> | ||
− | ====United Kingdom==== | + | ====[[United Kingdom]]==== |
{{definition|Hazard is an accidental or naturally occurring (i.e. non-malicious) [[event]] or situation with the potential to cause death or physical or psychological [[harm]], [[damage]] or losses to property, and/or [[disruption]] to the environment and/or to economic, social and political structures. <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/61046/EP_Glossary_amends_18042012_0.pdf Glossary - Revision to Emergency Preparedness, Cabinet Office (2012)]</ref>}} <br /> | {{definition|Hazard is an accidental or naturally occurring (i.e. non-malicious) [[event]] or situation with the potential to cause death or physical or psychological [[harm]], [[damage]] or losses to property, and/or [[disruption]] to the environment and/or to economic, social and political structures. <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/61046/EP_Glossary_amends_18042012_0.pdf Glossary - Revision to Emergency Preparedness, Cabinet Office (2012)]</ref>}} <br /> | ||
− | ==== United States ==== | + | ==== [[United States]] ==== |
− | ===== DHS ===== | + | ===== [[DHS]] ===== |
{{definition|Natural or manmade source or cause of [[harm]] or difficulty. <ref> [http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-risk-lexicon-2010.pdf DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010]</ref>}} | {{definition|Natural or manmade source or cause of [[harm]] or difficulty. <ref> [http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-risk-lexicon-2010.pdf DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010]</ref>}} | ||
===== NIMS ===== | ===== NIMS ===== | ||
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===Other Definitions=== | ===Other Definitions=== | ||
− | ==== Ontario (Canada) ==== | + | ==== [[Ontario]] ([[Canada]]) ==== |
{{definition|Hazard is a phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. <ref name="Ontario">[https://www.emergencymanagementontario.ca/english/emcommunity/response_resources/GlossaryOfTerms/glossary_of_terms.html Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms ]</ref>}} | {{definition|Hazard is a phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. <ref name="Ontario">[https://www.emergencymanagementontario.ca/english/emcommunity/response_resources/GlossaryOfTerms/glossary_of_terms.html Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms ]</ref>}} | ||
These may include natural, technological or human-caused incidents or some combination of these.<br /> | These may include natural, technological or human-caused incidents or some combination of these.<br /> | ||
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===Standard Definition=== | ===Standard Definition=== | ||
− | ====ISO 73:2009==== | + | ====[[ISO|ISO 73:2009]]==== |
{{definition|Source of potential [[harm]]. <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=44651 ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition|Source of potential [[harm]]. <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=44651 ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
− | ====ISO/PAS 22399:2007==== | + | ====[[ISO/PAS 22399:2007]]==== |
{{definition| Possible source of [[danger]], or conditions physical or operational, that have a capacity to produce a particular type of adverse effects. <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=50295 ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition| Possible source of [[danger]], or conditions physical or operational, that have a capacity to produce a particular type of adverse effects. <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=50295 ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
Revision as of 21:23, 18 July 2015
The definitions of the terms "Hazard" and "Threat" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. A usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry.
Contents
Definitions
European Definitions
EU
Other International Definitions
UNISDR
The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)[3] are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.
National Definitions
Australia
Canada
Phénomène, événement physique ou activité humaine susceptible d’occasionner des pertes en vies humaines ou des blessures, des dommages aux biens, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation de l’environnement. [5] [6]
Finland
Hazard: very probably realising or already realised, presently influencing harmful event or development. -unofficial translation- [7]
Germany
Republic of Trinidad & Tobago
Singapore
United Kingdom
United States
DHS
NIMS
Other Definitions
Ontario (Canada)
These may include natural, technological or human-caused incidents or some combination of these.
Ces dangers peuvent être d’origine naturelle, technologique ou humaine, ou une combinaison de ces facteurs.
Standard Definition
ISO 73:2009
ISO/PAS 22399:2007
Discussion
Since the terms Threat and Hazard present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of CIPedia©.
Example: The weather report indicated that a flood threat/hazard would be emerging. Shortly thereafter, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding incident along the Elbe. As impacts of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect impacts were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The consequences of the flooding incidents were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production.
The last sentence shows that cascading effects need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a mitigation action to prevent further harm (to people, to a Critical Infrastructure, to economy).
See also
- Biological Hazard
- Geological Hazard
- Hydrometeorological Hazard
- Natural Hazard
- Socio-natural Hazard
- Technological Hazard
Notes
- ↑ European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012
- ↑ 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction
- ↑ Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)
- ↑ [http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgnc-mngmnt-frmwrk/index-eng.aspx An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition)
- ↑ Vocabulaire de la gestion des urgencies/Emergency Management Emergency Management Vocabulary 281 (2012)
- ↑ Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)
- ↑ http://www.kritis.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/Kritis/EN/Baseline%20Protection%20Concept.pdf Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.
- ↑ Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago
- ↑ Singapore Standard SS 540: 2008 on Business Continuity
- ↑ Glossary - Revision to Emergency Preparedness, Cabinet Office (2012)
- ↑ DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010
- ↑ National Incident Management Plan (core)
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms
- ↑ ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary
- ↑ ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.