Difference between revisions of "Hazard"
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{{definition| Hazard is an intrinsic capacity associated with an agent or process capable of causing harm. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition| Hazard is an intrinsic capacity associated with an agent or process capable of causing harm. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
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+ | {{definition| Hazard is a potentially damaging physical [[event]], phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. <ref> [http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgnc-mngmnt-frmwrk/index-eng.aspx An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition) </ref>}}. | ||
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==== Germany==== | ==== Germany==== |
Revision as of 02:41, 24 May 2015
The definitions of the terms "Hazard" and "Threat" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. A usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry.
Contents
Definitions
European Definitions
Other International Definitions
UNISDR
The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)[3] are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.
National Definitions
Australia
Canada
.
Germany
United States
DHS
NIMS
Other Definitions
Ontario (Canada)
These may include natural, technological or human-caused incidents or some combination of these.
Ces dangers peuvent être d’origine naturelle, technologique ou humaine, ou une combinaison de ces facteurs.
Standard Definition
Discussion
Since the terms Threat and Hazard present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of CIPedia©.
Example: The weather report indicated that a flood threat/hazard would be emerging. Shortly thereafter, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding incident along the Elbe. As impacts of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect impacts were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The consequences of the flooding incidents were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production.
The last sentence shows that cascading effects need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a mitigation action to prevent further harm (to people, to a Critical Infrastructure, to economy).
See also
- Biological Hazard
- Geological Hazard
- Hydrometeorological Hazard
- Natural Hazard
- Socio-natural Hazard
- Technological Hazard
Notes
- ↑ European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012
- ↑ 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction
- ↑ Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)
- ↑ [http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgnc-mngmnt-frmwrk/index-eng.aspx An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition)
- ↑ http://www.kritis.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/Kritis/EN/Baseline%20Protection%20Concept.pdf Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.
- ↑ DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010
- ↑ National Incident Management Plan (core)
- ↑ Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms
- ↑ Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms
- ↑ ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary
- ↑ ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.