Difference between revisions of "Hazard"
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| − | The definitions of the terms "[[Hazard]]" and "[[Threat]]" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. An usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry. | + | <big>The definitions of the terms "[[Hazard]]" and "[[Threat]]" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. An usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry.</big> |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
=== European Definitions === | === European Definitions === | ||
| − | An accidental or naturally occurring phenomenon with the potential to cause physical or psychological [[harm]] to humans including loss of life, damage or losses of property, and/or disruption to the environment or to structures (economic social, political) upon which a community's way of life depends <ref name="CBRN">[https://cbrn.jrc.ec.europa.eu European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012]</ref>. | + | {{definition|An accidental or naturally occurring phenomenon with the potential to cause physical or psychological [[harm]] to humans including loss of life, damage or losses of property, and/or disruption to the environment or to structures (economic social, political) upon which a community's way of life depends <ref name="CBRN">[https://cbrn.jrc.ec.europa.eu European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012]</ref>.}} |
| + | }} | ||
=== Other International Definitions === | === Other International Definitions === | ||
==== UNISDR ==== | ==== UNISDR ==== | ||
| − | A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health [[impact|impacts]], property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental damage. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref> The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)<ref>[http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)]</ref> are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis. | + | {{definition|A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health [[impact|impacts]], property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental damage. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref>}} |
| + | |||
| + | <big>The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)<ref>[http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)]</ref> are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.</big> | ||
=== National Definitions === | === National Definitions === | ||
<!--Test test test.--> | <!--Test test test.--> | ||
==== US Definition ==== | ==== US Definition ==== | ||
| − | Natural or manmade source or cause of [[harm]] or difficulty. <ref> [http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-risk-lexicon-2010.pdf DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010]</ref> | + | {{definition|Natural or manmade source or cause of [[harm]] or difficulty. <ref> [http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-risk-lexicon-2010.pdf DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010]</ref>}} |
===Standard Definition=== | ===Standard Definition=== | ||
| − | Source of potential harm <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=44651 ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary]</ref> | + | {{definition|Source of potential harm <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=44651 ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary]</ref>}} |
| − | + | {{definition| Possible source of danger, or conditions physical or operational, that have a capacity to produce a particular type of adverse effects <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=50295 ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.]</ref>}} | |
| − | Possible source of danger, or conditions physical or operational, that have a capacity to produce a particular type of adverse effects <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=50295 ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.]</ref> | ||
== Discussion == | == Discussion == | ||
| − | Since the terms ''[[Threat]]'' and ''[[Hazard]]'' present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of [[CIPedia©_Main_Page|CIPedia©]]. | + | <big>Since the terms ''[[Threat]]'' and ''[[Hazard]]'' present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of [[CIPedia©_Main_Page|CIPedia©]]. |
'''Example''': The weather report indicated that a flood ''[[threat]]''/''[[hazard]]'' would be emerging. Shortly there-after, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding [[incident]] along the Elbe. As [[impact|impacts]] of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect [[impact|impacts]] were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The [[consequence|consequences]] of the flooding [[incident|incidents]] were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production. | '''Example''': The weather report indicated that a flood ''[[threat]]''/''[[hazard]]'' would be emerging. Shortly there-after, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding [[incident]] along the Elbe. As [[impact|impacts]] of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect [[impact|impacts]] were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The [[consequence|consequences]] of the flooding [[incident|incidents]] were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production. | ||
| − | The last sentence shows that [[cascading effects]] need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a [[mitigation]] action to prevent further [[harm]] (to people, to a [[Critical Infrastructure]], to economy). | + | The last sentence shows that [[cascading effects]] need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a [[mitigation]] action to prevent further [[harm]] (to people, to a [[Critical Infrastructure]], to economy).</big> |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 11:22, 17 June 2014
The definitions of the terms "Hazard" and "Threat" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. An usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry.
Contents
Definitions
European Definitions
An accidental or naturally occurring phenomenon with the potential to cause physical or psychological harm to humans including loss of life, damage or losses of property, and/or disruption to the environment or to structures (economic social, political) upon which a community's way of life depends [1].
}}
Other International Definitions
UNISDR
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. [2]
The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)[3] are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.
National Definitions
US Definition
Standard Definition
Source of potential harm [5]
Possible source of danger, or conditions physical or operational, that have a capacity to produce a particular type of adverse effects [6]
Discussion
Since the terms Threat and Hazard present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of CIPedia©.
Example: The weather report indicated that a flood threat/hazard would be emerging. Shortly there-after, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding incident along the Elbe. As impacts of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect impacts were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The consequences of the flooding incidents were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production.
The last sentence shows that cascading effects need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a mitigation action to prevent further harm (to people, to a Critical Infrastructure, to economy).
See also
- Biological Hazard
- Geological Hazard
- Hydrometeorological Hazard
- Natural Hazard
- Socio-natural Hazard
- Technological Hazard
Notes
- ↑ European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012
- ↑ 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction
- ↑ Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
- ↑ DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010
- ↑ ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary
- ↑ ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.
