Difference between revisions of "Interdependency"

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<big>The terms interdependency and [[dependency]] are often used in the [[Critical Infrastructure Protection|CIP]] literature as synonymous. See also [[dependency]].</big>
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<big>The terms interdependency and [[dependency]] are often used in the [[Critical Infrastructure Protection|CIP]] literature as synonymous. See also [[dependency]]. Interdependency is a <i>mutual</i> dependency. As such it seldom occurs!</big>
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<big>One of the most cited definitions of interdependency is the one by Rinaldi et al. who define interdependency as a</big>
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{{definition|bidirectional relationship between two infrastructures through which the state of each infrastructure influences or is correlated to the state of the other <ref> Steven M. Rinaldi, James P. Peerenboom, Terrence K. Kelly, Identifying, Understanding and Analysing Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies, ''IEEE Control Systems Magazine'', December 2001, p.14. </ref>. }}<br />
  
 
==Definitions==
 
==Definitions==
 
=== European Definitions ===
 
=== European Definitions ===
<big>One of the most cited definitions of interdependency is the one by Rinaldi et al. who define interdependency as a</big>
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====[[EU]]====
 
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This definition is adopted on the Commission's staff working document on a new approach to the EPCIP <ref> [http://ec.europa.eu/energy/infrastructure/doc/critical/20130828_epcip_commission_staff_working_document.pdfCommission Staff Working Document on a new approach to the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection - Making European Critical Infrastructures more secure, SWD(2013) 318 final,  Brussels, 28.8.2013]</ref>:
{{definition|bidirectional relationship between two infrastructures through which the state of each infrastructure influences or is correlated to the state of the other <ref> Steven M. Rinaldi, James P. Peerenboom, Terrence K. Kelly, Identifying, Understanding and Analysing Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies, ''IEEE Control Systems Magazine'', December 2001, p.14. </ref>. }}
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{{definition|Interdependencies can be identified "between critical infrastructures, industry, and state actors". }}The working document also highlights that [[threat|threats]] to a single [[Critical Infrastructure]] can have "a very significant [[impact]] on a broad range of actors in different [[Critical Infrastructure|infrastructures]] and more widely". The document also highlight the cross-border effect of interdependencies, spanning a number of European countries. The example identified in the document is the European high-voltage electricity [[grid]], composed of the interconnected national high-voltage electricity [[grid|grids]].<br/><br/>
<big>
 
This definition is adopted on the Commission's staff working document on a new approach to the EPCIP <ref> [http://ec.europa.eu/energy/infrastructure/doc/critical/20130828_epcip_commission_staff_working_document.pdfCommission Staff Working Document on a new approach to the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection - Making European Critical Infrastructures more secure, SWD(2013) 318 final,  Brussels, 28.8.2013]</ref>:</big>
 
{{definition|Interdependencies can be identified "between critical infrastructures, industry, and state actors". The working document also highlights that [[threat|threats]] to a single [[Critical Infrastructure]] can have "a very significant [[impact]] on a broad range of actors in different [[Critical Infrastructure|infrastructures]] and more widely". The document also highlight the cross-border effect of interdependencies, spanning a number of European countries. The example identified in the document is the European high-voltage electricity [[grid]], composed of the interconnected national high-voltage electricity [[grid|grids]].}}
 
  
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=== European Project Definitions ===
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==== CIPRNet project ====
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{{quote-ciprnet|Interdependency is the mutual dependency of products or services (ACIP, 2003). }}<br/>
 
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=== National Definitions ===
 
=== National Definitions ===
==== Australia ====
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==== [[Australia]] ====
{{definition|Inter-dependency is The series of supply-orientated relationships that exist between distinct systems that, when altered, affect their continued operation.<ref>[http://www.safeguarding.qld.gov.au/criticalinfrastructure/glossary.htm Glossary of the Government of Queensland]</ref>}}
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{{definition|Inter-dependency is the series of supply-orientated relationships that exist between distinct systems that, when altered, affect their continued operation. <ref>[http://www.safeguarding.qld.gov.au/criticalinfrastructure/glossary.htm Glossary of the Government of Queensland]</ref>}}<br />
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===== [[New South Wales]]=====
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{{definition|Interdependency: When multiple critical infrastructures rely on each other for continued service provision.  <ref>[https://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/Documents/publications/policies/NSW%20Critical%20Infrastructure%20Resilience%20Strategy%202018.pdf NSW Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy Partner, Prepare, Provide (2018) ]</ref>}}<br/>
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==== [[Brazil]] ====
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{{definition| Interdependência: relação de dependência ou interferência de uma infraestrutura crítica em outra, ou de uma área prioritária de Infraestruturas Críticas em outra. <ref>[http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/publicacoes-oficiais-1/catalogo/orgao-essenciais/gabinete-de-seguranca-institucional/guia-de-referencia-para-seguranca-de-infraestruturas-criticas-da-informacao/at_download/file GUIA DE REFERÊNCIA PARA A SEGURANÇA DAS INFRAESTRUTURAS CRÍTICAS DA INFORMAÇÃO Versão 01 (Nov. 2010).]</ref><br /><br />Interdependence: [[dependency]] relationship or interference of a [[Critical Infrastructure|critical infrastructure]] with another, or of a Critical Infrastructure priority area with another.}} <br /><br/>
  
==== Germany ====
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==== [[Germany]] ====
{{definition|Interactions or mutual influences between different [[Critical Infrastructure]]s.<ref>http://www.kritis.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/Kritis/EN/Baseline%20Protection%20Concept.pdf Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.</ref>.}}
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{{definition|Interactions or mutual influences between different [[Critical Infrastructure]]s. <ref>[http://www.kritis.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/Kritis/EN/Baseline%20Protection%20Concept.pdf Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.]</ref>}}<br /> An older definition was:
<br /> An older definition was:
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{{definition|Interdependency is the complete or partial mutual [[dependency]] of several goods or services <ref>[http://www.kritis.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/Kritis/EN/UP%20KRITIS.pdf?__blob%3DpublicationFile UP KRITIS, BSI, 2014]</ref>.}}<br /><br/>
{{definition|Interdependency is the complete or partial mutual [[dependency]] of several goods or services <ref>Unpublished working glossary of UP KRITIS and BSI, 2014</ref>.}}
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==== [[Ireland]] ====
<br />
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{{definition|Interdependency is a mutually dependent relationship. <ref>[https://www.emergencyplanning.ie/system/files/media/file-uploads/2019-02/Strategic%20Emergency%20Management%20Guideline%203%20-%20Critical%20Infrastructure%20Resilience.pdf Strategic Emergency Management 2019]</ref>}}Dependency and Interdependency can be defined as relationships which consider the cascading effect within sector/sub-sectors and/or across sectors/sub-sectors<br/><br/>
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==== [[Italy]] ====
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{{definition|Interdipendenza: relazione funzionale tra due sistemi o infrastrutture attraverso la quale lo stato di ogni infrastruttura è correlato allo stato dell’altra, influenzandolo ed essendone reciprocamente influenzato.  <ref>[http://www.vigilidelfuoco.gov.it/aspx/ReturnDocument.aspx?IdDocumento=2832 PROTEZIONE DELLE INFRASTRUTTURE CRITICHE INFORMATIZZATE La realtà Italiana (2004)]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
  
==== United States ====
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==== [[Republic of Trinidad & Tobago]] ====
{{definition|Mutually reliant relationship between entities (objects, individuals, or groups) <ref name="DHSLex"> [http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-risk-lexicon-2010.pdf DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010]</ref>.}} The degree of interdependency does not need to be equal in both directions. For example, the Energy Sector depends on a functioning Water Sector for successful day-to-day operations, just as the Water Sector needs energy to effectively manage water and wastewater systems <ref name="fema"> [http://emilms.fema.gov/IS921/921_Toolkit/index.htm Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience Toolkit (Glossary), US Department of Homeland Security]</ref>.
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{{definition|Mutually reliant relationship between entities (objects, individuals, or groups)<ref>[http://www.odpm.gov.tt/sites/default/files/Comprehensive%20Disaster%20Management%20Policy%20Framework%20for%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago.pdf Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago]</ref>}} The degree of interdependence does not need to be equal in both directions.<br /><br/>
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==== [[Spain]] ====
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{{definition|Interdependencias: los efectos que una perturbación en el funcionamiento de la instalación o servicio produciría en otras instalaciones o servicios, distinguiéndose las repercusiones en el propio sector y en otros sectores, y las repercusiones de ámbito local, autonómico, nacional o internacional. <ref>[http://www.cnpic.es/Biblioteca/Legislacion/Generico/Ley_8-2011_PIC.pdf 7630 Ley 8/2011, de 28 de abril, por la que se establecen medidas para la protección de las infraestructuras críticas.]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
  
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==== [[United States]] ====
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{{definition|Interdependency. Mutually reliant relationship between entities (objects, individuals, or groups); the degree of interdependency does not need to be equal in both directions. <ref>[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/national-infrastructure-protection-plan-2013-508.pdf NIPP Directive (DHS Lexicon, 2010)]</ref>}} <br/><br/>
  
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{{definition|Mutually reliant relationship between entities (objects, individuals, or groups). <ref name="DHSLex"> [http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-risk-lexicon-2010.pdf DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010]</ref><br/>The degree of interdependency does not need to be equal in both directions. For example, the Energy Sector depends on a functioning Water Sector for successful day-to-day operations, just as the Water Sector needs energy to effectively manage water and wastewater systems <ref name="fema">[http://emilms.fema.gov/IS921/921_Toolkit/index.htm Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience Toolkit (Glossary), US Department of Homeland Security]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
 
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==Discussion==
 
==Discussion==
Empirical analysis of [[Critical infrastructure]] [[incident]]s and [[events]] by Van Eeten et al. shows that interdependencies (= the mutual [[Dependency]]) hardly occur; and when they occur the effect is at a lower (weaker) dependency level.
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Empirical analysis of [[Critical Infrastructure|Critical infrastructure]] [[incident]]s and [[event]]s by Van Eeten et al. <ref>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01926.x THE STATE AND THE THREAT OF CASCADING FAILURE ACROSS CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES: THE IMPLICATIONS OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MEDIA INCIDENT REPORTS, MICHEL VAN EETEN,ALBERT NIEUWENHUIJS,ERIC LUIIJF,MARIEKE KLAVER,EDITE CRUZ (2011)]</ref>, and again by Luiijf and Klaver (2021) <ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1874548221000585 Analysis and lessons identified on critical infrastructures and dependencies from an empirical data set, Luiijf and Klaver, 2021]</ref> shows that interdependencies (= the mutual [[Dependency]]) hardly occur; and when they occur the effect is at a lower (weaker) dependency level.
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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==Notes==
 
==Notes==
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==References==
 
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<references />
 
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[[Category:Dependency]][[Category:CIPRNet-Glossary]]
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==References==
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[[Category:Dependency]]
 

Latest revision as of 15:59, 21 May 2023

The terms interdependency and dependency are often used in the CIP literature as synonymous. See also dependency. Interdependency is a mutual dependency. As such it seldom occurs!

One of the most cited definitions of interdependency is the one by Rinaldi et al. who define interdependency as a

bidirectional relationship between two infrastructures through which the state of each infrastructure influences or is correlated to the state of the other [1].


Definitions

European Definitions

EU

This definition is adopted on the Commission's staff working document on a new approach to the EPCIP [2]:

Interdependencies can be identified "between critical infrastructures, industry, and state actors".

The working document also highlights that threats to a single Critical Infrastructure can have "a very significant impact on a broad range of actors in different infrastructures and more widely". The document also highlight the cross-border effect of interdependencies, spanning a number of European countries. The example identified in the document is the European high-voltage electricity grid, composed of the interconnected national high-voltage electricity grids.

European Project Definitions

CIPRNet project

The CIPRNet project [3] uses the following definition:

Interdependency is the mutual dependency of products or services (ACIP, 2003).


National Definitions

Australia

Inter-dependency is the series of supply-orientated relationships that exist between distinct systems that, when altered, affect their continued operation. [4]


New South Wales
Interdependency: When multiple critical infrastructures rely on each other for continued service provision. [5]


Brazil

Interdependência: relação de dependência ou interferência de uma infraestrutura crítica em outra, ou de uma área prioritária de Infraestruturas Críticas em outra. [6]

Interdependence: dependency relationship or interference of a critical infrastructure with another, or of a Critical Infrastructure priority area with another.



Germany

Interactions or mutual influences between different Critical Infrastructures. [7]


An older definition was:

Interdependency is the complete or partial mutual dependency of several goods or services [8].



Ireland

Interdependency is a mutually dependent relationship. [9]

Dependency and Interdependency can be defined as relationships which consider the cascading effect within sector/sub-sectors and/or across sectors/sub-sectors

Italy

Interdipendenza: relazione funzionale tra due sistemi o infrastrutture attraverso la quale lo stato di ogni infrastruttura è correlato allo stato dell’altra, influenzandolo ed essendone reciprocamente influenzato. [10]



Republic of Trinidad & Tobago

Mutually reliant relationship between entities (objects, individuals, or groups). [11]

The degree of interdependence does not need to be equal in both directions.

Spain

Interdependencias: los efectos que una perturbación en el funcionamiento de la instalación o servicio produciría en otras instalaciones o servicios, distinguiéndose las repercusiones en el propio sector y en otros sectores, y las repercusiones de ámbito local, autonómico, nacional o internacional. [12]



United States

Interdependency. Mutually reliant relationship between entities (objects, individuals, or groups); the degree of interdependency does not need to be equal in both directions. [13]



Mutually reliant relationship between entities (objects, individuals, or groups). [14]
The degree of interdependency does not need to be equal in both directions. For example, the Energy Sector depends on a functioning Water Sector for successful day-to-day operations, just as the Water Sector needs energy to effectively manage water and wastewater systems [15]



Discussion

Empirical analysis of Critical infrastructure incidents and events by Van Eeten et al. [16], and again by Luiijf and Klaver (2021) [17] shows that interdependencies (= the mutual Dependency) hardly occur; and when they occur the effect is at a lower (weaker) dependency level.

See also

Notes

References

  1. Steven M. Rinaldi, James P. Peerenboom, Terrence K. Kelly, Identifying, Understanding and Analysing Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, December 2001, p.14.
  2. Staff Working Document on a new approach to the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection - Making European Critical Infrastructures more secure, SWD(2013) 318 final, Brussels, 28.8.2013
  3. http://www.ciprnet.eu/
  4. Glossary of the Government of Queensland
  5. NSW Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy Partner, Prepare, Provide (2018)
  6. GUIA DE REFERÊNCIA PARA A SEGURANÇA DAS INFRAESTRUTURAS CRÍTICAS DA INFORMAÇÃO Versão 01 (Nov. 2010).
  7. Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.
  8. UP KRITIS, BSI, 2014
  9. Strategic Emergency Management 2019
  10. PROTEZIONE DELLE INFRASTRUTTURE CRITICHE INFORMATIZZATE La realtà Italiana (2004)
  11. Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago
  12. 7630 Ley 8/2011, de 28 de abril, por la que se establecen medidas para la protección de las infraestructuras críticas.
  13. NIPP Directive (DHS Lexicon, 2010)
  14. DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010
  15. Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience Toolkit (Glossary), US Department of Homeland Security
  16. THE STATE AND THE THREAT OF CASCADING FAILURE ACROSS CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES: THE IMPLICATIONS OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MEDIA INCIDENT REPORTS, MICHEL VAN EETEN,ALBERT NIEUWENHUIJS,ERIC LUIIJF,MARIEKE KLAVER,EDITE CRUZ (2011)
  17. Analysis and lessons identified on critical infrastructures and dependencies from an empirical data set, Luiijf and Klaver, 2021