Difference between revisions of "Risk Perception"
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| + | This section contains definitions of [[Risk Perception]] and the notion of [[Subjective Risk]]. | ||
| + | The concepts of [[Risk Perception]] and [[Risk Tolerance]], while unique, are very much linked. <ref name="Campbell">[http://www.nsc.org/CambpellInstituteandAwardDocuments/WP-Risk%20Preception.pdf Campbell Institute (2014). Risk perception: Theories, strategies and next steps. ]</ref> | ||
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==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
=== European Definitions === | === European Definitions === | ||
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{{definition|Stakeholder's view on a risk. <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=44651 ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary]</ref>}} | {{definition|Stakeholder's view on a risk. <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=44651 ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary]</ref>}} | ||
Note: Risk perception reflects the stakeholder's needs, issues, knowledge, belief and values. | Note: Risk perception reflects the stakeholder's needs, issues, knowledge, belief and values. | ||
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| + | ===Academic Definitions=== | ||
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| + | {{Definition|Subjective Risk/ Risk perception is the estimated [[probability]] people have that a specific type of negative [[event]] could happen and how affected they are by the [[consequence]]s. <ref> Sjöberg, L. (2000). Factors in risk perception. Risk Analysis, 20, 1-11. </ref> <ref>Sjöberg, L. (2003). Risk perception is not what it seems: The psychometric paradigm revisited. In K. Andersson (Ed.), VALDOR Conference 2003 (pp. 14-29). Stockholm: VALDOR.</ref>}} | ||
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| + | {{Definition|An individual perception of risk includes a subjective risk estimate <ref>Yates, J.F. (1992). Risk-taking behavior. London: John Wiley & Sons</ref> which is heavily influenced (and not limited to) the following factors <ref>Cooper, D. (2003). Psychology, risk & safety: Understanding how personality & perception can influence risk taking. Professional Safety, 39-46.</ref><ref>Hofer, J. (2016). Report on risk perception. Deliverable D32.1 for Driver Project (http://driver-project.eu/content/report-risk-perception)</ref>: type of risk (e.g. nature and features of the disaster), individual characteristics (e.g. personality, personal experience with a similar disaster, training and education), social context (e.g. publicity and communication), and cultural values (e.g. trust in authorities).}} | ||
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| + | {{Definition|Risk perception is the ability of an individual to discern a certain amount of [[risk]]. <ref name="Campbell">[http://www.nsc.org/CambpellInstituteandAwardDocuments/WP-Risk%20Preception.pdf Campbell Institute (2014). Risk perception: Theories, strategies and next steps. ]</ref>}} | ||
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| + | ===Discussion=== | ||
| + | Subjective risk is a social construct and is defined in opposition with the “objective risk” or “real risk”. <ref>Slovic, P. (1992). Perception of risk: reflections on the psychometric paradigm, in Krimsky, S., & Golding, D. (Eds.), Social Theories of Risk, Praeger, Westport, 117-152. </ref> It usually refers to the judgment of non-experts (lay people, members of the general public, civil population) since their perception of risk is likely to be different compared to experts. <ref>Bostrom, A. (1997). Risk perceptions: ‘Experts’ vs. ‘Lay people,’ Duke Environmental Law Policy Forum, 8(101), 101-113. | ||
| + | </ref> Risk perception by experts is usually labeled “[[Risk Assessment]]”. Experts tend to estimate risk in a more objective analytic and rational way based on scientific and technological knowledge <ref>Sjöberg, L. (1999). Risk Perception by the Public and by Experts: A Dilemma in Risk Management, Human Ecology Revenue, 6(2), 1-9. </ref> However, there are studies showing that even experts can commit estimation errors when they cannot rely on consistent data. <ref>van der Pligt, J. (1996). Judgement and Decision Making. In R. G. Semin & K. Fiedler, Applied Social Psychology (pp 30-64).</ref> However, average citizens are more likely to have more distorted perceptions and to be under a higher influence of cognitive biases and heuristics. | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Risk]] | * [[Risk]] | ||
| + | * [[Risk Assessment]] | ||
* [[Risk Evaluation]] | * [[Risk Evaluation]] | ||
* [[Risk Tolerance]] | * [[Risk Tolerance]] | ||
| − | + | * [[Subjective Risk]] | |
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
* Test reference. --> | * Test reference. --> | ||
| − | [[Category:Risk]] | + | [[Category:Human Aspects]][[Category:Risk]] |
{{#set:defined by=ISO}} | {{#set:defined by=ISO}} | ||
Revision as of 14:32, 24 November 2016
This section contains definitions of Risk Perception and the notion of Subjective Risk. The concepts of Risk Perception and Risk Tolerance, while unique, are very much linked. [1]
Contents
Definitions
European Definitions
Other International Definitions
National Definitions
Standard Definition
ISO Guide 73:2009(en)
Stakeholder's view on a risk. [2]
Note: Risk perception reflects the stakeholder's needs, issues, knowledge, belief and values.
Academic Definitions
Subjective Risk/ Risk perception is the estimated probability people have that a specific type of negative event could happen and how affected they are by the consequences. [3] [4]
An individual perception of risk includes a subjective risk estimate [5] which is heavily influenced (and not limited to) the following factors [6][7]: type of risk (e.g. nature and features of the disaster), individual characteristics (e.g. personality, personal experience with a similar disaster, training and education), social context (e.g. publicity and communication), and cultural values (e.g. trust in authorities).
Discussion
Subjective risk is a social construct and is defined in opposition with the “objective risk” or “real risk”. [8] It usually refers to the judgment of non-experts (lay people, members of the general public, civil population) since their perception of risk is likely to be different compared to experts. [9] Risk perception by experts is usually labeled “Risk Assessment”. Experts tend to estimate risk in a more objective analytic and rational way based on scientific and technological knowledge [10] However, there are studies showing that even experts can commit estimation errors when they cannot rely on consistent data. [11] However, average citizens are more likely to have more distorted perceptions and to be under a higher influence of cognitive biases and heuristics.
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Campbell Institute (2014). Risk perception: Theories, strategies and next steps.
- ↑ ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary
- ↑ Sjöberg, L. (2000). Factors in risk perception. Risk Analysis, 20, 1-11.
- ↑ Sjöberg, L. (2003). Risk perception is not what it seems: The psychometric paradigm revisited. In K. Andersson (Ed.), VALDOR Conference 2003 (pp. 14-29). Stockholm: VALDOR.
- ↑ Yates, J.F. (1992). Risk-taking behavior. London: John Wiley & Sons
- ↑ Cooper, D. (2003). Psychology, risk & safety: Understanding how personality & perception can influence risk taking. Professional Safety, 39-46.
- ↑ Hofer, J. (2016). Report on risk perception. Deliverable D32.1 for Driver Project (http://driver-project.eu/content/report-risk-perception)
- ↑ Slovic, P. (1992). Perception of risk: reflections on the psychometric paradigm, in Krimsky, S., & Golding, D. (Eds.), Social Theories of Risk, Praeger, Westport, 117-152.
- ↑ Bostrom, A. (1997). Risk perceptions: ‘Experts’ vs. ‘Lay people,’ Duke Environmental Law Policy Forum, 8(101), 101-113.
- ↑ Sjöberg, L. (1999). Risk Perception by the Public and by Experts: A Dilemma in Risk Management, Human Ecology Revenue, 6(2), 1-9.
- ↑ van der Pligt, J. (1996). Judgement and Decision Making. In R. G. Semin & K. Fiedler, Applied Social Psychology (pp 30-64).
