Cyber Terrorism
The term cyber terror appeared for the first time in the mid-eighties of the previous century. Since then the notion has been misused a number of times by journalists and politicians. It does not help that a clear definition is missing as is debated in [1]:
"The use, making preparations for, or threat of action designed to cause a social order change, to create a climate of fear or intimidation amongst (part of) the general public, or to influence political decision-making by the government or an international governmental organisation; made for the purposes of advancing a political, religious, racial or ideological cause; by affecting the integrity, confidentiality, and/or availability of information, information systems and networks, or by unauthorised actions affecting information and communication technology-based control of real-world physical processes; and it involves or causes:
- violence to, suffering of, serious injuries to, or the death of (a) persons(s),
- serious damage to a property,
- a serious risk to the health and safety of the public,
- a serious economic loss,
- a serious breach of ecological safety,
- a serious breach of the social and political stability and cohesion of a nation.”
Contents
Definitions
European Definitions
OSCE
National Definitions
Australia
(a) death, serious harm or endangers a person
(b) serious damage to property,
(c) a serious risk to the health or safety of the public, or
(d) seriously interferes with, disrupts or destroys ,critical infrastructure such as a telecommunications or electricity network. [3]
Austria
Unter Cyber Terrorismus wird politisch motivierte Kriminalität staatlicher und/oder nichtstaatlicher Akteure gegen Computer, Netzwerke und die darin gespeicherten Informationen verstanden. Das Ziel ist, eine schwere oder längere Zeit anhaltende Störung des öffentlichen Lebens oder eine schwere Schädigung des Wirtschaftslebens mit dem Vorsatz herbeizuführen, die Bevölkerung auf schwerwiegende Weise einzuschüchtern, öffentliche Stellen oder eine international Organisation zu einer Handlung, Duldung oder Unterlassung zu nötigen oder die politischen, verfassungsrechtlichen, wirtschaftlichen oder sozialen Grundstrukturen eines Staates oder einer internationalen Organisation ernsthaft zu erschüttern oder zu zerstören. Dabei handelt es sich somit um organisierte Cybersabotage/-angriffe, die von politisch- fundamentalistischen bzw. terroristischen Gruppen oder Einzeltätern organisiert werden und sich gegen Staaten, Organisationen oder Unternehmen richten. [5]
These acts constitute organised cyber sabotage (attacks) caused by political-fundamentalist groups or individual perpetrators; they are directed against states, organisations or enterprises.
Colombia
Cyber Terrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyber attack to computers, networks and information stored in them, including violence against persons or
properties, or at least generates fear (derived from Dorothy Denning).
Cuba
Czech Republic
Cyber terrorism: Criminal activity done using or tageting primarily IT means with the objective of creating fear or inadequate response. It is used most often in the context of attacks having an extremist, nationalistic or politically motivated character. [10]
Georgia
Cyber terrorism is the use or threat of use of attack to ICT which creates a grave consequence and undermines public security, the strategic, political or economic interest, and has been committed to intimidate the population and / or to put influence on a public authority (raw translation - CIPedia looks for a proper translation in English)
Article 3241 of the Criminal Code of Georgia dated 25 July 2006
India
Israel
Italy
Cyber terrorism is ideologically motivated exploitations of system's vulnerabilities with the intend of influencing a State or an international organisation. [15]
Kosovo
[description, not a definition] Cyber-terrorism is an increasingly attractive choice for terrorists because it can be accomplished with only modest financial resources, with anonymity, and from a great distance. Cyber-terrorism has its greatest potential for damage in conjunction with coordinated physical attacks. The prefix cyber is used here because the terrorist attacks or uses technology. [17]
Montenegro
Cyber terrorism is a criminal act in cyberspace that aims to intimidate governments or their citizens, with the aim to achieve political goals. [19]
Philippines
An example would be an intrusion into an air traffic control system and causing two planes to collide.
Poland
Cyber terrorism - a terrorist offense committed in cyberspace. [22]
Portugal
Romania
Terorism cibernetic - activităţile premeditate desfăşurate în spaţiul cibernetic de către persoane, grupări sau organizaţii motivate politic, ideologic ori religios ce pot determina distrugeri materiale sau victime, de natură să determine panică ori teroare. [25]
South Africa
Ukraine
{machine translation} cyberterrorism - a terrorist activity carried out in cyberspace or with its use. [27]
United States
FBI (2007)
.
Other Definitions
East-West Institute (Russia-US)
Кибертерроризм: использование киберпространства, террористических целях, которые определяются в качестве таковых национальным или международным законодательством. [29]
ICDRM/GWU
See also
Notes
- Jump up ↑ Luiijf, H.A.M., “Definitions of Cyber Terrorism” in: Akhgar, B., Staniforth, A., Bosco, F. (eds) Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism Investigator’s Handbook, Elseviers 2014, chapter 2, p. 11-18
- Jump up ↑ OSCE, Action against Terrorism Unit, “Good Practices Guide on Non-Nuclear Critical Energy Infrastructure Protection (NNCEIP) from Terrorist Attacks Focusing on Threats Emanating from Cyberspace,” Transnational Threats Department, 2013
- Jump up ↑ Terrorist act offences / Division 101 of the Criminal Code Act 1995 (the Criminal Code)
- Jump up ↑ Austrian Cyber Security Strategy, Federal Chancellery of the Republic of Austria, Vienna (2013)
- Jump up ↑ Österreichische Strategie für Cyber Sicherheit (2013)
- Jump up ↑ Conpes 3510
- Jump up ↑ Conpes 3854 POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SEGURIDAD DIGITAL (2016)
- Jump up ↑ Glossary of Cyber terms/Glosario de términos, Centro de Seguridad del Ciberespacio
- Jump up ↑ Výkladový slovník kybernetické bezpečnosti (2013)
- Jump up ↑ Výkladový slovník kybernetické bezpečnosti (2013)
- Jump up ↑ კოდექსის 3241 მუხლის მიხედვით (2006)
- Jump up ↑ CYBER SECURITY IN INDIA'S COUNTER TERRORISM STRATEGY
- Jump up ↑ Glossary by the Iraeli Security Authority
- Jump up ↑ National Strategic Framework for the Security of Cyberspace (2013)
- Jump up ↑ National Strategic Framework for the Security of Cyberspace (2013)
- Jump up ↑ Strategjia Shtetërore për Sigurinë Kibernetike dhe Plani i Veprimit 2016 – 2019
- Jump up ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy and Action Plan 2016 – 2019 (2016)
- Jump up ↑ Strategija o bezbjednosti 2013-2017 (2012)
- Jump up ↑ NATIONAL CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY FOR MONTENEGRO 2013-2017
- Jump up ↑ National Cyber Security Plan
- Jump up ↑ DND GLOSSARY OF CYBER SECURITY TERMS (v.4)
- Jump up ↑ 2013 Narodowy Program Ochrony Infrastruktury Krytycznej
- Jump up ↑ CYBERSPACE PROTECTION POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND, 2013
- Jump up ↑ Estratégia da Informação e Segurança no Ciberespaço, Instituto da Defesa Nacional Portugal (2013)
- Jump up ↑ Hotărârea nr. 271/2013 pentru aprobarea Strategiei de securitate cibernetică
- Jump up ↑ South Africa Cyber Security Policy, Staatskoerant No. 32963, 10 Feb 2010
- Jump up ↑ ЗАКОН УКРАЇНИ - Про основні засади забезпечення кібербезпеки України / THE LAW OF UKRAINE: About the basic principles of providing cyber security of Ukraine 2163-19
- Jump up ↑ Hearing on cyber terrorism
- Jump up ↑ RUSSIA-‐U.S. BILATERAL ON CYBERSECURITY: CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY FOUNDATIONS
- Jump up ↑ ICDRM/GWU Emergency Management Glossary of Terms. The Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management (ICDRM) at the George Washington University, Washington DC , derived from the VHA Emergency Management Guidebook 2005.