Final Reports

Recommendations Manual for Terminals

The GREEN EFFORTS project delivered an overview of opportunities to achieve improved energy-efficiency and hence to provide a useful platform to focus further research according to industrial needs, available solutions and political objectives. It raised the awareness for both emission problems and energy-saving opportunities.

This final report is a compilation of the project deliverables and shall serve as a navigation tool to identify areas of interest without being forced to dig through big piles of paper. Provided references then guide further into the details of interest. The report is composed of 7 project deliverables, respectively Energy Consumption, Simulation, Energy Supply, Energy Management, Context to Transport Chain, Vision of Energy-Efficient Terminals and Recommendations for Standardization.

The Energy Consumption part involves the container terminal consumers, the approaches to reduce energy consumption and a 6-step CO2 calculation methodology. The Simulation part facilitates the process of determining a terminals carbon footprint as well as developing measures to reduce the terminals emissions. The Energy Supply part elaborates the regenerative energy in terms of external supply and possibilities to produce on site. It also explores Liquid Natural Gas as an alternative fuel for ships and an energy source for ports and finally presents an integrated solution of shore based power supply for berthed ships. The Energy Management part focuses on energy management and smart grid for terminals and ports, and gives an outlook on the future research work on developing green smart terminals and ports. The Context to Transport Chain part considers Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and other air pollutions with different calculation approaches and compares transport sectors other than ports. The Vision of Energy-Efficient Terminals part provides three visions of terminals, the GREEN EFFORTS Wiki on Green Efforts homepage, the Port and Terminal Knowledge Landscape (PTKL) and a video. The Recommendations for Standardization part develops a methodology for sea and inland navigation terminals characterized by a top-down approach from total terminal emissions to product level by using only real data provided by industrial partners. Link to Report

Recommendations for Standardization - Calculation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions on terminals

Transport accounts for about a quarter of global energy-related carbon emissions. This contribution is rising faster than for any other energy end-use sector. Numerous standards, guidelines and recommendations aim at energy efficiency and carbon footprint mitigation. Current standards applicable for transport provide guidance to capture and report carbon dioxide emissions on a global level. Recent development aims at product-based allocation of emissions as described in CEN EN 16258 [CEN 16258] but restricted to carriers. The purpose of this final report is to recommend an approach to comprehensively capture and report energy consumption and CO2- eq (carbon dioxide equivalent) emissions and to allocate the results to a single “product”.

The very first step of any mitigation strategy is to quantify and prioritize emission sources. However, operational conditions and circumstances vary widely but quantification must be based on standards. Benchmarking to others will then allow to determine the mitigation effectiveness of a company in comparison to other similar entities but also to monitor achieved progress. Within the same operational entity there will be changes of commercial activities, processes and equipment, making it difficult to reference and compare emissions over time, thus valid key performance indicators (KPI) are required. Considering the total carbon dioxide emissions of terminals the established and proven GHG Protocol [GHG 2004] and the standard ISO 14064 [ISO 14064] provide adequate guidance to capture and report the total carbon footprint of a terminal. Allocation of total emissions to “products”, i.e. the cargo handled, however is currently not covered by a standard.

This final report aims at contributing to further standard development covering allocation of terminal emission to product level as it is required by CEN EN 16258 [CEN 16258] for transport carriers and announced to come for transshipment centers. Link to Report

Energy Management of Terminals and Ports

The purpose of developing energy management system for terminals and ports is energy saving and emission reduction. In order to achieve this goal, one important measure is load shedding. In context of terminal-port application, the load shedding is mainly developed for cost saving (peak shaving) and emission reduction purpose which is strongly associated with load management or demand side management to reduce and optimize the energy consumption at terminals.

Power factor is an essential measure for utilities to identify the operating efficiency and economics. Its control and regulation is very important in terminal operations from the energy management and efficiency point of view. Within the GREEN EFFORTS a comprehensive basis for analysis of power factor for a common terminal and to develop the measures for maximizing it is provided. In addition, it is investigated how to maximize the power factor for terminals.

A smart grid ensures that renewable energy sources can be better integrated into the system and it is able to control consumption – depending on the availability of electrical power in the grid. Comparing to conventional power grid, a smart grid enables a two-way flow of energy and has a bidirectional communication network. GREEN EFFORTS puts the focus on the transfer and implementation of smart grid technology for terminals and ports.

This report summarizes the whole work with the focus on energy management and smart grid for terminals and ports, and gives an outlook on the future research on developing green smart terminals and ports. Link to Report

Vision of an energy-efficient terminal

The key issue of the visualisation of project achievements is to provide quick and easy understanding by visualization without blurring the perception by too much detailed information but also not hiding these once an interested party wants to dig deeper.

Video of ‘GREEN EFFORTS Overview and Outcomes’ serves the above mentioned purpose and can be watched below:

GREEN EFFORTS - Overview and Outcomes

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