{"id":2130,"date":"2026-04-20T20:10:26","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T18:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/?p=2130"},"modified":"2026-04-30T14:23:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T12:23:55","slug":"sub-second-live-streaming-moq-nab-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/sub-second-live-streaming-moq-nab-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Berlin to Vegas in Under a Second: Sub-Second Live Streaming with FAMIUM MoQ"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>At this year&#8217;s NAB Show in Las Vegas, we are demonstrating&nbsp;<strong>FAMIUM MoQ<\/strong>, our brand-new implementation of the IETF&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/draft-ietf-moq-transport\/\">Media over QUIC Transport<\/a>&nbsp;(draft-ietf-moq-transport-16), which we have been working on over the past months. The demo shows a live camera feed streamed from Berlin to Las Vegas with sub-second glass-to-glass latency, using nothing but a standard browser for playback. No plugins, no proprietary protocols, no dedicated hardware decoders. Just QUIC, WebTransport, and the open web platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1975\" height=\"1035\" src=\"https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Berlin-to-Vegas.png\" alt=\"Overview of our sub-second End-to-End sub-second latency demo pipeline\" class=\"wp-image-2131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Berlin-to-Vegas.png 1975w, https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Berlin-to-Vegas-400x210.png 400w, https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Berlin-to-Vegas-698x366.png 698w, https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Berlin-to-Vegas-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Berlin-to-Vegas-1536x805.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1975px) 100vw, 1975px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-demo-9300-km-under-1-second\">The Demo: 9,300 km, Under 1 Second<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The setup is straightforward:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Source<\/strong>: A Blackmagic camera at Fraunhofer FOKUS in Berlin captures a live street view via HDMI. Of course, other (professional) cameras can be used as well.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ingest<\/strong>: An HDMI capture card feeds the raw video into&nbsp;<strong>ffmpeg<\/strong>, which encodes H.264 in real time and packages it as CMAF (fragmented MP4) segments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Publishing<\/strong>: Our Go-based&nbsp;<strong>moq-pub<\/strong>&nbsp;reads the fMP4 pipe and publishes it over QUIC to the relay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Relay<\/strong>: The&nbsp;<strong>moq-relay<\/strong>&nbsp;server, running on Fraunhofer FOKUS infrastructure in Berlin, routes the stream to all subscribers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Playback<\/strong>: A standard browser at the NAB Show booth in Las Vegas receives the stream over WebTransport and plays it back using the Media Source Extensions (MSE) API.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The result: consistent latency under one second across 9,300 km. Our player measures the glass-to-glass latency by comparing a wall-clock timestamp burned into the video at capture time with the browser&#8217;s local clock at display time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-moq\">Why MoQ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Live streaming on the web today is dominated by HTTP-based protocols HLS and DASH that deliver excellent quality at scale but at the cost of latency. Even &#8220;low-latency&#8221; variants (LL-HLS, LL-DASH) typically achieve 2-5 seconds. WebRTC gets latency down to sub-second but was designed for small-scale communication, not media distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Media over QUIC Transport (MoQ)<\/strong>&nbsp;is an IETF effort to bridge this gap. It combines the low-latency properties of QUIC with a publish\/subscribe model designed for media distribution:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>QUIC streams per group<\/strong>: Each video GOP travels on its own QUIC stream, enabling independent delivery and avoiding head-of-line blocking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sub-GOP delivery<\/strong>: Individual frames are delivered as separate MoQ objects within a group, so partial GOPs can be forwarded immediately.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Relay-based architecture<\/strong>: A relay server routes subscriptions and forwards data, publishers and subscribers never connect directly, enabling fan-out.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>WebTransport for browsers<\/strong>: The browser connects to the relay over WebTransport, which provides native QUIC stream access from JavaScript.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Codec-agnostic<\/strong>: The protocol carries opaque payloads H.264, HEVC, AV1, Opus, AAC all work without protocol changes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"browser-to-browser-sub-100-ms\">Browser-to-Browser: Sub-100 ms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FAMIUM MoQ is not limited to the ffmpeg-to-browser pipeline. We also support&nbsp;<strong>browser-to-browser<\/strong>&nbsp;streaming using the WebCodecs API. The browser captures camera and microphone via MediaCapture, encodes with WebCodecs (H.264 + Opus), and publishes directly over WebTransport to the relay. A subscriber in another browser (or the same one, for loopback testing) receives, decodes, and renders in real time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our loopback tests, publisher and subscriber in separate browser windows, both connecting through the relay, we measure transport latency consistently&nbsp;<strong>under 100 ms<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1962\" height=\"995\" src=\"https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Browser-to-Browser.png\" alt=\"\u00a0Browser-to-browser streaming via MoQ relay: publisher (left) and subscriber (right) with ~34 ms transport latency. The phone displays a clock for visual verification\" class=\"wp-image-2132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Browser-to-Browser.png 1962w, https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Browser-to-Browser-400x203.png 400w, https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Browser-to-Browser-698x354.png 698w, https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Browser-to-Browser-768x389.png 768w, https:\/\/websites.fraunhofer.de\/video-dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/FAMIUM-MoQ-Browser-to-Browser-1536x779.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1962px) 100vw, 1962px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"architecture\">Architecture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FAMIUM MoQ is written in Go (Publisher, Subscriber, Relay) and TypeScript (browser libraries for Publisher and Subscriber), targeting draft-ietf-moq-transport-16. The key components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Component<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Language<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>famium-moq-relay<\/strong><\/td><td>Go<\/td><td>Routes subscriptions, forwards data streams, caches recent groups for late joiners<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>famium-moq-pub<\/strong><\/td><td>Go<\/td><td>Reads fMP4 from stdin, auto-detects tracks, publishes over QUIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>famium-moq-sub<\/strong><\/td><td>Go<\/td><td>Subscribes via catalog discovery, writes fMP4 to stdout <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>famium-moq-pub.js<\/strong><\/td><td>TypeScript<\/td><td>Browser publisher: WebCodecs encode + WebTransport publish<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>famium-moq-sub.js<\/strong><\/td><td>TypeScript<\/td><td>Browser subscriber: WebTransport receive + MSE or WebCodecs decode<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The relay is format-agnostic, it forwards opaque MoQ objects between publishers and subscribers. This means the same relay handles both CMAF\/MSE playback and WebCodecs real-time communication simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-makes-it-fast\">What Makes It Fast<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Several design choices contribute to the low latency:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sub-GOP framing<\/strong>: Each video frame is a separate MoQ object. The relay forwards frames as they arrive, without waiting for a complete GOP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Per-stream flow control<\/strong>: QUIC&#8217;s per-stream flow control prevents a slow audio stream from blocking video delivery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-blocking subscriber forwarding<\/strong>: The relay uses independent goroutines per subscriber with buffered channels. A slow subscriber gets dropped objects rather than blocking the publisher.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Late-joiner caching<\/strong>: The relay caches the most recent group per track, so new subscribers can start playback immediately without waiting for the next keyframe (player can then catchup with ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"whats-next\">What&#8217;s Next<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>MoQ Transport is still an evolving IETF draft, and FAMIUM MoQ evolves with it. Areas we are actively working on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Adaptive bitrate<\/strong>: Using MoQ&#8217;s priority and track mechanisms for quality switching.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ad insertion<\/strong>: Leveraging MoQ&#8217;s relay architecture and track switching for seamless server-side ad insertion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>End-to-end encryption<\/strong>: Leveraging QUIC&#8217;s built-in TLS with application-level media encryption.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interoperability<\/strong>: Testing against other MoQ implementations as the ecosystem grows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"see-it-live\">See It Live<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are at NAB Show 2026, visit our Fraunhofer booth to see the Berlin-to-Vegas and Real-Time Communication demo in action. You can find us in <strong>West Hall Booth W2343<\/strong>. For more details, please visit our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fokus.fraunhofer.de\/go\/nab\">NAB Demo page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FAMIUM MoQ is developed by the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fokus.fraunhofer.de\/fame\">Future Applications and Media (FAME)<\/a>&nbsp;group at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fokus.fraunhofer.de\/\">Fraunhofer FOKUS<\/a>&nbsp;in Berlin. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At this year&#8217;s NAB Show in Las Vegas, we are demonstrating&nbsp;FAMIUM MoQ, our brand-new implementation of the IETF&#8217;s&nbsp;Media over QUIC Transport&nbsp;(draft-ietf-moq-transport-16), which we have been working on over the past months. The demo shows a live camera feed streamed from&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":2134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[90,87,86,91,93,89,92,88],"coauthors":[40],"class_list":["post-2130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-moq-2","tag-cmaf","tag-famium-moq","tag-moq","tag-mse","tag-nab2026","tag-quic","tag-webcodecs","tag-webtransport"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Berlin to Vegas in Under a Second: Sub-Second Live Streaming with FAMIUM MoQ - Video-Dev<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"At NAB Show 2026, we demonstrate FAMIUM MoQ streaming a live camera feed from Berlin to Las Vegas with sub-second glass-to-glass latency using nothing but a standard browser. 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