Legal aspects - Versionsgeschichte

Mras am 13. Juni 2012 um 08:14 Uhr

2012-06-13T08:14:32Z

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Mras am 12. Juni 2012 um 14:17 Uhr

2012-06-12T14:17:19Z

Mras am 12. Juni 2012 um 13:55 Uhr

2012-06-12T13:55:07Z

Backhaus: /* Poland */

2012-05-14T08:06:37Z

‎Poland

Backhaus: /* Poland */

2012-05-14T08:06:14Z

‎Poland

Backhaus: /* Poland */

2012-05-14T08:05:33Z

‎Poland

Backhaus: /* Poland */

2012-05-14T08:04:13Z

‎Poland

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2012-05-14T08:03:38Z

‎Poland

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2012-05-14T07:56:36Z

‎Poland

Backhaus: /* Poland */

2012-05-14T07:51:26Z

‎Poland

@@ Zeile 53: / Zeile 53: @@
-Capturing and extracting methane can be made difficult or supported depending on legislation, concessions and royalties will have a strong influence on cost and profitability. Licensing is required in all cases and can be costly, time-consuming or relatively easy to obtain. If the local mining law, for instance, does not permit the use of methane in low concentrations for energy and power generation, some options simply disappear.
+Capturing and extracting methane can be either hampered or supported depending on legislation; concessions and royalties will have a strong influence on cost and profitability. Licensing is required in all cases and can be either costly, time-consuming or relatively easy to obtain. If the local mining law, for instance, does not permit the use of methane in low concentrations for energy and power generation, some options simply disappear.
-Who is the owner of the CMM, in most cases it is the mining company holding the lisence to dig the coal, but for abandoned mines or abandoned part of mines it could be different?
+Who is the owner of the CMM? In most cases it is the mining company holding the lisence to dig the coal, but for abandoned mines or abandoned parts of mines it could be different.
-Mine safety laws and regulations: Describe the regulation, which are important for any kind of CMM Utilisation
+Mine safety laws and regulations: Description of the regulations, which are important for any kind of CMM-utilisation
-What are the safety regulations for CMM-Utilisation for methane concentrations close or in the explosive range? Are there prohibited concentration ranges for utilisation? If so, are there possibilities to avoid these restrictions by installing especial additional safety measurements and equipments?
+What are the safety regulations for CMM-utilisation for methane concentrations close to or in the explosive range? Are there prohibited concentration ranges for utilisation? If so, are there possibilities to avoid these restrictions by installing specific additional safety measurements and equipments?
-'''Environmental laws'''
+'''Environmental legislation'''
-This subject is closely related with the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Which type of project gets support varies widely. Some countries favour wind, others water or solar energy projects. In theory the environmental laws in all countries should also be promoting CMM projects as well as all other environmentally advantageous projects, but these projects continuously compete with each other for feasibility, financing and other resources.
+This subject is closely related to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Which type of project gets support varies widely. Some countries favour wind, others water or solar energy projects. In theory the environmental laws in all countries should also promote CMM projects as well as all other environmentally beneficial projects, but these projects continuously compete with each other for feasibility, financing and other resources.
-	Which environmental laws and regulations has to be considered regarding any kind of CMM-Utilisation
+	Which environmental laws and regulations have to be considered regarding any kind of CMM-utilisation
-	For which kind of CMM-Utilisation project an environmental impact assessment is needed
+	Which kind of CMM-utilisation project requires an environmental impact assessment
-	Which authorities other than mine authorities are involved for a CMM project
+	Which authorities other than mine authorities are involved in a CMM project
-	What is the expected time to get all approvals
+	What is the expected time to receive all approvals needed
-	Are there any special regulation to protect groundwater, soil and air for CMM activities
+	Are there any specific regulations to protect groundwater, soil and air against CMM activities
-	Requirements to transport and distribute fuels ( compressed gas/LNG)
+	Requirements for transport and distribution of fuels (compressed gas/LNG)
 '''Energy Laws'''
-Actual laws and regulation for energy production, especially connection to public grid
+Actual laws and regulations for energy production, especially injection into the public grid
-- Tariffs for power from CMM
+- Tariffs for power generated through CMM
@@ Zeile 95: / Zeile 95: @@
 '''Tax situation'''
-The local tax situation has to be explained, especially percentage of corporate profit tax, percentage of VAT, and can VAT be recovered by law and in reality, other taxes and customs duties, particularly tax exemptions applicable to CMM projects.
+The local tax situation has to be explained, especially the percentage of corporate profit tax, percentage of VAT, and the issue whether VAT can be recovered by law and in reality, other taxes and customs duties, particularly tax exemptions applicable to CMM projects.
 === Country aspects===
-In the following the financial situation of each country is looked at. The structure of this documents is listed below.
+In the following the legal situation of each country is looked at. The structure of this documents is listed below.
-The whole report with all countries you can find here: [[http://www.cometh.info/downloads/218935-Cometh-Del-1-final.pdf |Country report]].
+The whole report comprising information on all countries you can find here: [[http://www.cometh.info/downloads/218935-Cometh-Del-1-final.pdf |Country report]].
-A version for a specified country you find below. This reports (status Feb. 2010) contain information about:
+Versions for specific countries are found below. These reports (status Feb. 2010) include information about:
@@ Zeile 109: / Zeile 109: @@
 - Energy politics (preferences for sources of primary energy) and energy laws
-- Mining and mine safety laws
+- Mining and mine safety legislation
-- Environmental laws
+- Environmental legislation
-- Energy Laws
+- Energy legislation
-Under the country name some of the important information are listed.
+Under the country name, some important details are listed.
 === Czech Republic ===

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-Legal Aspects for CMM projects
+Legal aspects for CMM projects
 === General aspects ===
 For the implementation of CMM project the local situation of
-- the implementation of Kyoto Protocol
+- the implementation of Kyoto Protocol and
 - energy law
-has to be explained. These two legal aspects are important for the basic condition of financial feasibility of projects. The conditions for grid connection amd power distribution has to be applicable to CMM projects.
+has to be explained. These two legal aspects are important for the basic condition of the financial feasibility of projects. The conditions for grid connection and power distribution has to be applicable to CMM projects.
 '''Implementation status of Kyoto Protocol'''
-Although all countries have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the implementation speed has not been the same everywhere. Priorities vary from country to country and the allocation of ressources thus varies as well. A good indicator will be the amount of CMM projects that have actually been realized successfully.
+Although all countries have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the implementation speed has not been the same everywhere. Priorities vary from country to country and the allocation of resources thus varies as well. A good indicator will be the amount of CMM projects that have actually been realized successfully.
-However, more important, than these official dates is the fact how Joint Implementation projects are actually handled by the local governments.
+However, more important than these official data is the way how Joint Implementation projects are actually handled by the local governments.
-	How many JI – projects got a final approval in the specific country
+	How many JI – projects received a final approval in the specific country
-	Are there CMM related projects, which got a letter of approval (LoA)
+	Are there CMM related projects, that have a letter of approval (LoA)
-	Which types of CMM projects got a LoA
+	Which types of CMM projects have received a LoA
 	Are there special types of CMM projects being excluded by local governments
-	Are there other reasons that the country is (temporary) excluded from UNFCCC procedures
+	Are there other reasons for the country to be (temporarily) excluded from UNFCCC procedures
-	Are there other regulations in place or in the pipeline that could hinder a JI-approval especially regarding “Additionalty” like guarantied tariffs for power supply, mandatory methane destruction or penalties, taxes to release CMM into the atmosphere?
+	Are there other rules or regulations in place or in the pipeline that could hinder a JI-approval especially regarding “Additionalty” like guarantieed tariffs for power supply, mandatory methane destruction or penalties, taxes to release CMM into the atmosphere?
-'''Energy politics''' (preferences for sources of primary energy) and energy laws
+'''Energy politics''' (preferences for sources of primary energy) and '''energy laws''':
-Overview about countries primary energy mix, actual situation and outlook
+Overview on the country´s primary energy mix, present situation and future outlook
-	Are there general preference for future primary energy sources
+	Are there general preferences for future primary energy sources
-	What is actual amount of renewable energy and the target for the future
+	What is the actual amount of renewable energy and the target for the future
-	Is the power/ fuel production from CMM handled similar to renewable energy
+	Is the power/ fuel production from CMM handled similarly to renewable energy
-	Is the access to the public grid regulated, really possible four third party
+	Is the access to the public grid regulated, really possible for third parties
-	What are the conditions to get access to the grid, power prices
+	Under which conditions the grid can be assessed, power prices
-	How power production for own consumption is regulated
+	How is the power production for the own consumption regulated
-As already mentioned above, Methane can be a valuable source for energy generation. But when used for this purpose it will have to compete with other energy sources. If energy is widely available and cheap, the margin and the probability of success decrease. The volume of coal mined determines the volume of CMM produced, CMM can be independent of mining but in many cases it will not, hence the long-term energy politics have a major impact on CMM projects.
+As already mentioned above, methane can be a valuable source for energy generation. But when used for this purpose it will have to compete with other energy sources. If energy is widely available and cheap, the margin and the probability of success decrease. The volume of coal mine determines the volume of CMM produced. CMM can be independent of mining but in many cases it will not be, hence the long-term energy politics have a major impact on CMM projects.

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 14. Mai 2012, 08:06 Uhr
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	'''Energy politics'''		'''Energy politics'''

−	To increase the part of renewable energy is an important target of Polish politics. [[Poland_legal_aspects.pdf \| Poland legal aspects]]	+	To increase the part of renewable energy is an important target of Polish politics. [[Datei:Poland_legal_aspects.pdf \| Poland legal aspects]]

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 14. Mai 2012, 08:06 Uhr
Zeile 166:		Zeile 166:
	'''Energy politics'''		'''Energy politics'''

−	To increase the part of renewable energy is an important target of Polish politics. [[~~Datei:~~Poland_legal_aspects.pdf \| Poland legal aspects]]	+	To increase the part of renewable energy is an important target of Polish politics. [[Poland_legal_aspects.pdf \| Poland legal aspects]]

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 14. Mai 2012, 08:05 Uhr
Zeile 166:		Zeile 166:
	'''Energy politics'''		'''Energy politics'''

−	To increase the part of renewable energy is an important target of Polish politics.	+	To increase the part of renewable energy is an important target of Polish politics. [[Datei:Poland_legal_aspects.pdf \| Poland legal aspects]]

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 14. Mai 2012, 08:04 Uhr
Zeile 175:		Zeile 175:


−	~~More~~ information about Poland you find on [[country information Poland]]	+	General information about Poland you find on [[country information Poland]]

	=== Romania ===		=== Romania ===

← Nächstältere Version		Version vom 14. Mai 2012, 08:03 Uhr
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	In Poland the structure of energy sources is dominated by coal. So coal is the dominant fuel, accounting for 60.5% of primary energy demand, followed by oil and gas. Unfortunately a trend emerges, that local production will be reduced and the amount of imported coal will increase. Locally produced coal will not be able to compete with imported coal from Australia and South Africa.		In Poland the structure of energy sources is dominated by coal. So coal is the dominant fuel, accounting for 60.5% of primary energy demand, followed by oil and gas. Unfortunately a trend emerges, that local production will be reduced and the amount of imported coal will increase. Locally produced coal will not be able to compete with imported coal from Australia and South Africa.
	More information about the energy politics in Poland, especially the strategic goals to reduce power consumption are described in  [[Datei:Poland_energy_politics.pdf]]		More information about the energy politics in Poland, especially the strategic goals to reduce power consumption are described in  [[Datei:Poland_energy_politics.pdf]]
		+
		+	Here are more information about [[Datei:Poland_energy_laws.pdf\|Poland energy law]] and [[Datei:Poland_environmental_laws.pdf \| Poland environmental laws]].

@@ Zeile 163: / Zeile 163: @@
 ===Poland===
 ----
-The Polish [[Datei:Poland_energy_politics.pdf |enegy ploitics]] preferences and support renweable Energey and also power production by CMM.
 More information about Poland you find on [[country information Poland]]