Difference between revisions of "Terrorism"
(→United States) |
|||
Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==== [[Australia]] ==== | ==== [[Australia]] ==== | ||
+ | ===== Emergency Management ===== | ||
{{definition| Terrorism is the calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to attain goals that are political, religious, or ideological in nature. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}} | {{definition| Terrorism is the calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to attain goals that are political, religious, or ideological in nature. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}} | ||
− | This can be done through intimidation, coercion, or instilling fear. Terrorism includes a criminal | + | This can be done through intimidation, coercion, or instilling fear. Terrorism includes a criminal act against persons or property that is intended to influence an audience beyond the immediate victims. |
− | act against persons or property that is intended to influence an audience beyond the immediate victims. | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
+ | ===== Legal definition ===== | ||
+ | {{definition|According to the Criminal Code Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2003 (CCA Act), Section 100.1, A terrorist act means an action or threat of action where:<br/>(a) the action falls within subsection (2) and does not fall within subsection (3); and <br/>(b) the action is done or the threat is made with the intention of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause; and <br/>(c) the action is done or the threat is made with the intention of: (i) coercing, or influencing by intimidation, the government of the Commonwealth or a State, Territory or foreign country, or of part of a State, Territory or foreign country; or (ii) intimidating the public or a section of the public. <br/>(2) Action falls within this subsection if it:<br/>(a) causes serious harm that is physical harm to a person; or<br/>(b) causes serious damage to property; or<br/>(c) causes a person’s death; or<br/>(d) endangers a person’s life, other than the life of the person taking the action; or<br/>(e) creates a serious risk to the health or safety of the public or a section of the public; or<br/>(f) seriously interferes with, seriously disrupts, or destroys, an electronic system including, but not limited to: (i) an information system; or (ii) a telecommunications system; or (iii) a financial system; or | ||
+ | (iv) a system used for the delivery of essential government services; or (v) a system used for, or by, an essential public utility; or (vi) a system used for, or by, a transport system.<br/>(3) Action falls within this subsection if it: | ||
+ | <br/>(a) is advocacy, protest, dissent or industrial action; and<br/>(b) is not intended:(i) to cause serious harm that is physical harm to a person; or (ii) to cause a person’s death; or (iii) to endanger the life of a person, other than the person taking the action; | ||
+ | or (iv) to create a serious risk to the health or safety of the public or a section | ||
+ | of the public. <ref>[http://arpc.gov.au/files/2016/03/ARPC-Cyber-Terrorism-Discussion-Paper-FINAL.pdf CYBER TERRORISM AND AUSTRALIA’S TERRORISM INSURANCE SCHEME | ||
+ | PHYSICALLY DESTRUCTIVE CYBER TERRORISM IS A GAP IN CURRENT INSURANCE COVERAGE]</ref>}} | ||
+ | <br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
====[[Finland]]==== | ====[[Finland]]==== | ||
{{definition|Terrorism: väkivaltainen kansallisen tai kansainvälisen lain sääntelyn vastainen toiminta tai sillä uhkaaminen, jonka tarkoituksena on levottomuuden ja vakavan pelon synnyttäminen <ref name=TSK>[http://www.spek.fi/loader.aspx?id=1c66e01d-a75e-4a9a-80ec-9816340ce752 Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition|Terrorism: väkivaltainen kansallisen tai kansainvälisen lain sääntelyn vastainen toiminta tai sillä uhkaaminen, jonka tarkoituksena on levottomuuden ja vakavan pelon synnyttäminen <ref name=TSK>[http://www.spek.fi/loader.aspx?id=1c66e01d-a75e-4a9a-80ec-9816340ce752 Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
Line 34: | Line 44: | ||
===Standard Definition=== | ===Standard Definition=== | ||
+ | |||
==See also== | ==See also== |
Revision as of 00:57, 22 September 2016
Contents
Definitions
European Definitions
Other International Definitions
NATO
National Definitions
Australia
Emergency Management
This can be done through intimidation, coercion, or instilling fear. Terrorism includes a criminal act against persons or property that is intended to influence an audience beyond the immediate victims.
Legal definition
According to the Criminal Code Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2003 (CCA Act), Section 100.1, A terrorist act means an action or threat of action where:
(a) the action falls within subsection (2) and does not fall within subsection (3); and
(b) the action is done or the threat is made with the intention of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause; and
(c) the action is done or the threat is made with the intention of: (i) coercing, or influencing by intimidation, the government of the Commonwealth or a State, Territory or foreign country, or of part of a State, Territory or foreign country; or (ii) intimidating the public or a section of the public.
(2) Action falls within this subsection if it:
(a) causes serious harm that is physical harm to a person; or
(b) causes serious damage to property; or
(c) causes a person’s death; or
(d) endangers a person’s life, other than the life of the person taking the action; or
(e) creates a serious risk to the health or safety of the public or a section of the public; or
(f) seriously interferes with, seriously disrupts, or destroys, an electronic system including, but not limited to: (i) an information system; or (ii) a telecommunications system; or (iii) a financial system; or
(iv) a system used for the delivery of essential government services; or (v) a system used for, or by, an essential public utility; or (vi) a system used for, or by, a transport system.
(3) Action falls within this subsection if it:
(a) is advocacy, protest, dissent or industrial action; and
(b) is not intended:(i) to cause serious harm that is physical harm to a person; or (ii) to cause a person’s death; or (iii) to endanger the life of a person, other than the person taking the action;
or (iv) to create a serious risk to the health or safety of the public or a section
Finland
Netherlands
Dutch original definition:
United Kingdom
United States
DHS
Homeland Security Act 2002
DoD
Standard Definition
See also
Notes
- ↑ [http://nso.nato.int/nso/zPublic/ap/aap6/AAP-6.pdf NATO Glossary AAP-06(2014)
- ↑ Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)
- ↑ [http://arpc.gov.au/files/2016/03/ARPC-Cyber-Terrorism-Discussion-Paper-FINAL.pdf CYBER TERRORISM AND AUSTRALIA’S TERRORISM INSURANCE SCHEME PHYSICALLY DESTRUCTIVE CYBER TERRORISM IS A GAP IN CURRENT INSURANCE COVERAGE]
- ↑ Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)
- ↑ What is terrorism?, NCTV, The Hague, Netherlands
- ↑ Wat is terrorisme?, NCTV, The Hague, Nederland
- ↑ Terrorism Act 2000. UK Legislation, London (UK)
- ↑ DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010
- ↑ National Incident Management Plan (core)
- ↑ Joint Publication 1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (2016)