Difference between revisions of "Technological Hazard"

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=== Other International Definitions ===
 
=== Other International Definitions ===
==== UNISDR ====
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==== [[UNDRR]] ====
{{definition|A hazard originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities, that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref>. }}
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{{definition|A hazard originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities, that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref>}}
<big>Examples of technological hazards include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic wastes, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, and chemical spills. Technological hazards also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event.</big>  
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<big>Examples of technological hazards include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic wastes, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, and chemical spills. Technological hazards also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event.</big><br/>
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{{definition|The process of formally or informally shifting the financial consequences of particular risks from one party to another whereby a household, community, enterprise or state authority will obtain resources from the other party after a disaster occurs, in exchange for ongoing or compensatory social or financial benefits provided to that other party. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref> }}
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<big>
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* Insurance is a well-known form of risk transfer, where coverage of a risk is obtained from an insurer in exchange for ongoing premiums paid to the insurer.
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* Risk transfer can occur informally within family and community networks where there are reciprocal expectations of mutual aid by means of gifts or credit, as well as formally where governments, insurers, multi-lateral banks and other large risk-bearing entities establish mechanisms to help cope with losses in major events. Such mechanisms include insurance and re-insurance contracts, catastrophe bonds, contingent credit facilities and reserve funds, where the costs are covered by premiums, investor contributions, interest rates and past savings, respectively. </big>
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{{definition|Aléas technologiques: Possibilités d’accidents industriels ou technologiques, des pratiques risquées, des défauts d’infrastructure ou de certaines activités humaines, et qui est susceptible de provoquer des pertes en vies, des blessures, maladies ou autre impact sur la santé, des dégâts matériels, la perte des moyens de subsistance et des services, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation environnementale. <ref>[http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyFrench.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/>
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{{definition|Техногенная угроза: Угроза, возникающая в результате технологических или промышленных условий, в том числе аварий, опасных производственных процессов, неисправности инфраструктуры или определенной деятельности человека, которая может повлечь гибель людей, увечья, болезни и другой вред здоровью, ущерб имуществу, потерю средств к существованию и услуг, социальные и экономические потрясения или вред окружающей среде. <ref>[http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyRussian.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/>
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{{definition|Amenaza tecnológica: Una amenaza que se origina a raíz de las condiciones tecnológicas o industriales, lo que incluye accidentes, procedimientos peligrosos, fallas en la infraestructura o actividades humanas específicas que pueden ocasionar la muerte, lesiones, enfermedades u otros impactos a la salud, al igual que daños a la propiedad, la pérdida de medios de sustento y de servicios, trastornos sociales o económicos, o daños ambientales. <ref>[http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologySpanish.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/>
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{{definition| الأخطار التكنولوجية : الأخطار الناشئة عن الظروف التكنولوجية أو الصناعية، بما في ذلك الحوادث والإجراءات الخطيرة وانهيارات في البنية التحتية، أو الأنشطة البشرية المعينة التي قد تؤدي إلى خسارة في الأرواح وإلى إصابات وأمراض وتأثيرات صحية أخرى وضرر بالممتلكات، بالإضافة إلى خسارة في سبل المعيشة والخدمات وخلل اجتماعي واقتصادي أو ضرر بيئي. <ref>[http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyArabic.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/>
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{{definition|Ancaman bahaya teknologi: Suatu ancaman bahaya yang berasal dari kondisi teknologi atau industri, termasuk kecelakaan, prosedur berbahaya, kegagalan prasarana atau aktivitas khusus oleh manusia, yang bisa menyebabkan hilangnya nyawa, cedera, sakit atau dampak-dampak kesehatan lainnya, kerusakan harta benda, hilangnya penghidupan dan layanan, gangguan sosial dan ekonomi, atau kerusakan lingkungan. <ref>[http://www.preventionweb.net/files/7817_isdrindonesia.pdf UNISDR glossary in Bahasa]</ref>}}<br/>
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{{definition|Bahaya teknologi: Bahaya – bahaya daripada keadaan industri atau teknologi, termasuk kemalangan, prosedur berbahaya, kegagalan infrastruktur atau aktiviti tertentu manusia, yang mampu meragut nyawa, mengakibatkan kecederaan, penyakit atau impak kesihatan yang lain, kerosakan harta benda, hilang kehidupan dan perkhidmatan, gangguan ekonomi dan sosial atau kerosakan alam sekitar. <ref>[http://www.preventionweb.net/files/7817_isdrmalaysiaterminology.pdf UNISDR glossary in Malay]</ref>}}<br/>
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{{definition|Peligrong Teknolohikal: Peligrong nagmumula sa teknolohikal o industriyal na mga kondisyon, kabilang na ang mga aksidente, mapanganib na mga pamamaraaan, pagpalya ng mga imprakstruktura o ispisipikong mga aktibibidad ng tao na maaaring magbunga ng kamatayan, kapinsalaan, sakit o iba pang peligrong pangkalusugan, pagkasira ng ariarian, pagkawala ng kabuhayan at mga serbisyo, pagkabulabog ng lipunan at ekonomya, at pagkawasak ng kapaligiran. <ref>[http://www.preventionweb.net/files/7817_isdrphillipinesterminology.pdf UNISDR glossary in Tagalog]</ref>}}<br/>
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{{definition|<ref>[https://www.preventionweb.net/files/7817_unisdr2009terminologypersianedition.pdf Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management in Farsi]</ref> مخاطره فناورانه يا تكنولوژيكي <br/>مخاطره اي با منشاء فناورانه يا تكنولوژيكي يا شرايط و و ضعيت صنعتي، شامل: تصادف ها، فرآيندهاي<br/>خطرناك، اختلالات يا ضعف هاي زيرساخت ها يا فعاليت هاي خاص انساني كه ممكن است منجر به آسيب<br/>جاني، جراحت، بيماري و يا ساير تاثيرات برسلامتي، آسيب به دارايي ها، آسيب وارده به معيشت ها و خدمات،<br/>اختلالات و بي نظمي هاي اجتماعي و اقتصادي، و يا آسيب زيست محيطي گردد. }}<br/><br/>
  
 
=== National Definitions ===
 
=== National Definitions ===
==== Republic of Trinidad & Tobago ====
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==== [[Bulgaria]] ====
{{definition|A [[hazard]] originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities, that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental [[damage]]. <ref>[http://www.odpm.gov.tt/sites/default/files/Comprehensive%20Disaster%20Management%20Policy%20Framework%20for%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago.pdf Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago]</ref>}}<br />
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{{definition|Технологичният риск задължително се свързва с човешки дейности в областта на производството на стоки и енергия, транспорта, строителството, благоустройството и др. <ref>[http://www.mrrb.government.bg/docs/1b198a1646a0b97ee059c6647987416d.pdf ТЪЛКОВЕН РЕЧНИК ПО ТЕРИТОРИАЛНО РАЗВИТИЕ Европейска конференция на министрите, отговарящи за устройството на територията (CEMAT), 2007]</ref>}}Рисковете, които се дължат на индустриални, ядрени, минни и подземни дейности или на транспортиране на опасни вещества (сухоземен, речен или морски транспорт), или на заплаха от срутване на язовир, се разглеждат като основни технологични рискове.<br /><br/>
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==== [[Republic of Trinidad & Tobago]] ====
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{{definition|A [[hazard]] originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities, that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental [[damage]]. <ref>[http://www.odpm.gov.tt/sites/default/files/Comprehensive%20Disaster%20Management%20Policy%20Framework%20for%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago.pdf Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago]</ref>}}<br /><br />
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===Other Definitions===
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==== [[Ontario]] ([[Canada]]) ====
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{{definition|A technological hazard is  a [[hazard]] which results from the failure or misuse of technology, either intentional or unintentional (such as a power outage, cyber attack etc.). <ref name="Ontario">[https://www.emergencymanagementontario.ca/english/emcommunity/response_resources/GlossaryOfTerms/glossary_of_terms.html Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms ]</ref><br /><br/>Danger technologique: danger qui résulte de la défaillance ou de la mauvaise utilisation, intentionnelle ou non, d’une technologie ( exemples: panne d’électricité, cyberattaque, etc.). <ref name="Ontario">[https://www.emergencymanagementontario.ca/english/emcommunity/response_resources/GlossaryOfTerms/glossary_of_terms.html Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms ]</ref>}}
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===Standard Definition===
 
===Standard Definition===
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Revision as of 14:42, 27 January 2020

Definitions

European Definitions

Other International Definitions

UNDRR

A hazard originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities, that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. [1]

Examples of technological hazards include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic wastes, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, and chemical spills. Technological hazards also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event.

The process of formally or informally shifting the financial consequences of particular risks from one party to another whereby a household, community, enterprise or state authority will obtain resources from the other party after a disaster occurs, in exchange for ongoing or compensatory social or financial benefits provided to that other party. [2]

  • Insurance is a well-known form of risk transfer, where coverage of a risk is obtained from an insurer in exchange for ongoing premiums paid to the insurer.
  • Risk transfer can occur informally within family and community networks where there are reciprocal expectations of mutual aid by means of gifts or credit, as well as formally where governments, insurers, multi-lateral banks and other large risk-bearing entities establish mechanisms to help cope with losses in major events. Such mechanisms include insurance and re-insurance contracts, catastrophe bonds, contingent credit facilities and reserve funds, where the costs are covered by premiums, investor contributions, interest rates and past savings, respectively.


Aléas technologiques: Possibilités d’accidents industriels ou technologiques, des pratiques risquées, des défauts d’infrastructure ou de certaines activités humaines, et qui est susceptible de provoquer des pertes en vies, des blessures, maladies ou autre impact sur la santé, des dégâts matériels, la perte des moyens de subsistance et des services, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation environnementale. [3]


Техногенная угроза: Угроза, возникающая в результате технологических или промышленных условий, в том числе аварий, опасных производственных процессов, неисправности инфраструктуры или определенной деятельности человека, которая может повлечь гибель людей, увечья, болезни и другой вред здоровью, ущерб имуществу, потерю средств к существованию и услуг, социальные и экономические потрясения или вред окружающей среде. [4]


Amenaza tecnológica: Una amenaza que se origina a raíz de las condiciones tecnológicas o industriales, lo que incluye accidentes, procedimientos peligrosos, fallas en la infraestructura o actividades humanas específicas que pueden ocasionar la muerte, lesiones, enfermedades u otros impactos a la salud, al igual que daños a la propiedad, la pérdida de medios de sustento y de servicios, trastornos sociales o económicos, o daños ambientales. [5]


الأخطار التكنولوجية : الأخطار الناشئة عن الظروف التكنولوجية أو الصناعية، بما في ذلك الحوادث والإجراءات الخطيرة وانهيارات في البنية التحتية، أو الأنشطة البشرية المعينة التي قد تؤدي إلى خسارة في الأرواح وإلى إصابات وأمراض وتأثيرات صحية أخرى وضرر بالممتلكات، بالإضافة إلى خسارة في سبل المعيشة والخدمات وخلل اجتماعي واقتصادي أو ضرر بيئي. [6]


Ancaman bahaya teknologi: Suatu ancaman bahaya yang berasal dari kondisi teknologi atau industri, termasuk kecelakaan, prosedur berbahaya, kegagalan prasarana atau aktivitas khusus oleh manusia, yang bisa menyebabkan hilangnya nyawa, cedera, sakit atau dampak-dampak kesehatan lainnya, kerusakan harta benda, hilangnya penghidupan dan layanan, gangguan sosial dan ekonomi, atau kerusakan lingkungan. [7]


Bahaya teknologi: Bahaya – bahaya daripada keadaan industri atau teknologi, termasuk kemalangan, prosedur berbahaya, kegagalan infrastruktur atau aktiviti tertentu manusia, yang mampu meragut nyawa, mengakibatkan kecederaan, penyakit atau impak kesihatan yang lain, kerosakan harta benda, hilang kehidupan dan perkhidmatan, gangguan ekonomi dan sosial atau kerosakan alam sekitar. [8]


Peligrong Teknolohikal: Peligrong nagmumula sa teknolohikal o industriyal na mga kondisyon, kabilang na ang mga aksidente, mapanganib na mga pamamaraaan, pagpalya ng mga imprakstruktura o ispisipikong mga aktibibidad ng tao na maaaring magbunga ng kamatayan, kapinsalaan, sakit o iba pang peligrong pangkalusugan, pagkasira ng ariarian, pagkawala ng kabuhayan at mga serbisyo, pagkabulabog ng lipunan at ekonomya, at pagkawasak ng kapaligiran. [9]


[10] مخاطره فناورانه يا تكنولوژيكي
مخاطره اي با منشاء فناورانه يا تكنولوژيكي يا شرايط و و ضعيت صنعتي، شامل: تصادف ها، فرآيندهاي
خطرناك، اختلالات يا ضعف هاي زيرساخت ها يا فعاليت هاي خاص انساني كه ممكن است منجر به آسيب
جاني، جراحت، بيماري و يا ساير تاثيرات برسلامتي، آسيب به دارايي ها، آسيب وارده به معيشت ها و خدمات،
اختلالات و بي نظمي هاي اجتماعي و اقتصادي، و يا آسيب زيست محيطي گردد.



National Definitions

Bulgaria

Технологичният риск задължително се свързва с човешки дейности в областта на производството на стоки и енергия, транспорта, строителството, благоустройството и др. [11]

Рисковете, които се дължат на индустриални, ядрени, минни и подземни дейности или на транспортиране на опасни вещества (сухоземен, речен или морски транспорт), или на заплаха от срутване на язовир, се разглеждат като основни технологични рискове.

Republic of Trinidad & Tobago

A hazard originating from technological or industrial conditions, including accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities, that may cause loss of life, injury, illness or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. [12]



Other Definitions

Ontario (Canada)

A technological hazard is a hazard which results from the failure or misuse of technology, either intentional or unintentional (such as a power outage, cyber attack etc.). [13]

Danger technologique: danger qui résulte de la défaillance ou de la mauvaise utilisation, intentionnelle ou non, d’une technologie ( exemples: panne d’électricité, cyberattaque, etc.). [13]


Standard Definition

See also


Notes