Difference between revisions of "Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition"

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===Standard Definition===  
 
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{{definition|SCADA is a generic name for a computerized system that is capable of gathering and processing data and applying operational controls over long distances.<ref name="NISTIR7298"> [http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2013/NIST.IR.7298r2.pdf NISTIR 7298 rev 2: Glossary of Key Information Security Terms, May 2013/SP 800-82]</ref>}}
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Protective measures may involve a combination of deterrence, avoidance, prevention, detection, recovery, and correction that should form part of the enterprise’s [[risk management]] approach. <br />
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<big>SCADA systems are highly distributed systems used to control geographically dispersed [[asset|assets]], often scattered over thousands of square kilometers, where centralized data acquisition and control are critical to [[system]] operation. They are used in distribution systems such as water distribution and wastewater collection systems, [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] pipelines, electrical [[power grid|power grids]], and [[railway]] [[transportation]] systems. A SCADA control center performs centralized monitoring and control for field sites over long-distance communications networks, including monitoring alarms and processing status data. Based on information received from remote stations, automated or operator-driven supervisory commands can be pushed to remote station control devices, which are often referred to as field devices. Field devices control local operations such as opening and closing valves and breakers, collecting data from sensor systems, and monitoring the local environment for alarm conditions <ref name="NIST">[http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-82/SP800-82-final.pdf K. Stouffer, J. Falco, K. Kent, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security, NIST Special Publication 800-82, June 2011]</ref>.
 
<big>SCADA systems are highly distributed systems used to control geographically dispersed [[asset|assets]], often scattered over thousands of square kilometers, where centralized data acquisition and control are critical to [[system]] operation. They are used in distribution systems such as water distribution and wastewater collection systems, [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] pipelines, electrical [[power grid|power grids]], and [[railway]] [[transportation]] systems. A SCADA control center performs centralized monitoring and control for field sites over long-distance communications networks, including monitoring alarms and processing status data. Based on information received from remote stations, automated or operator-driven supervisory commands can be pushed to remote station control devices, which are often referred to as field devices. Field devices control local operations such as opening and closing valves and breakers, collecting data from sensor systems, and monitoring the local environment for alarm conditions <ref name="NIST">[http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-82/SP800-82-final.pdf K. Stouffer, J. Falco, K. Kent, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security, NIST Special Publication 800-82, June 2011]</ref>.
  

Revision as of 21:21, 18 April 2015

A whole family of terms denote the accessing of measuring devices, automated analysis, human understandable display and interactive control, and the control of actuators, such as: Industrial Automation and Control Systems, Industrial Control Systems, Process Control Systems, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, and Distributed Control Systems.

Definitions

Other International Definitions

International Society of Automation (ISA)

A generic name for a computerized system that is capable of gathering and processing data and applying operational controls over long distances. Typical uses include power transmission and distribution and pipeline systems. SCADA was designed for the unique communication challenges (delays, data integrity, etc.) posed by the various media that must be used, such as phone lines, microwave, and satellite. Usually shared rather than dedicated [1].


Standard Definition

United States

NIST

SCADA is a generic name for a computerized system that is capable of gathering and processing data and applying operational controls over long distances.[2]

Protective measures may involve a combination of deterrence, avoidance, prevention, detection, recovery, and correction that should form part of the enterprise’s risk management approach.

SCADA systems are highly distributed systems used to control geographically dispersed assets, often scattered over thousands of square kilometers, where centralized data acquisition and control are critical to system operation. They are used in distribution systems such as water distribution and wastewater collection systems, oil and natural gas pipelines, electrical power grids, and railway transportation systems. A SCADA control center performs centralized monitoring and control for field sites over long-distance communications networks, including monitoring alarms and processing status data. Based on information received from remote stations, automated or operator-driven supervisory commands can be pushed to remote station control devices, which are often referred to as field devices. Field devices control local operations such as opening and closing valves and breakers, collecting data from sensor systems, and monitoring the local environment for alarm conditions [3].

SCADA systems consist of both hardware and software. Typical hardware includes an MTU placed at a control center, communications equipment (e.g., radio, telephone line, cable, or satellite), and one or more geographically distributed field sites consisting of either an RTUor a PLC, which controls actuators and/or monitors sensors. The MTU stores and processes the information from RTUinputs and outputs, while the RTU or PLC controls the local process. The communications hardware allows the transfer of information and data back and forth between the MTU and the RTUs or PLCs. The software is programmed to tell the system what and when to monitor, what parameter ranges are acceptable, and what response to initiate when parameters change outside acceptable values. [3].

SCADA systems are usually designed to be fault-tolerant systems with significant redundancy built into the system architecture[3].

See also


Notes