https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php?title=Psychological_Heuristics&feed=atom&action=history
Psychological Heuristics - Revision history
2024-03-29T15:52:33Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php?title=Psychological_Heuristics&diff=12881&oldid=prev
Eluiijf: /* Notes */
2022-08-15T12:07:56Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Notes</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:07, 15 August 2022</td>
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Eluiijf
https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php?title=Psychological_Heuristics&diff=11714&oldid=prev
Eluiijf at 12:04, 30 January 2020
2020-01-30T12:04:52Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:04, 30 January 2020</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><!--</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definitions==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definitions==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== European Definitions ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== European Definitions ===</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">--></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Discussion ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Discussion ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Psychological Heuristics are cognitive mechanisms that influence people’s judgments and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">their </del>rational decisions. A heuristic is a “mental shortcut” that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently but not necessarily accurately. They help the person preserve cognitive resources, but they can lead to cognitive biases. Cognitive psychologists have shown that individuals cannot have an objective rational thinking, because they cannot operate with accurate probabilities. Instead they tend to make approximations based on their intuition, incomplete data, familiar (salient) information, or personal examples. <ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131. </ref><ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453-458. </ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Psychological Heuristics are cognitive mechanisms that influence people’s judgments and rational decisions. A heuristic is a “mental shortcut” that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently but not necessarily accurately. They help the person preserve cognitive resources, but they can lead to cognitive biases. Cognitive psychologists have shown that individuals cannot have an objective rational thinking, because they cannot operate with accurate probabilities. Instead<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>they tend to make approximations based on their intuition, incomplete data, familiar (salient) information, or personal examples. <ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131. </ref><ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453-458. </ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Three types of heuristics are very frequent and have implications for [[Risk Perception]]: <ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(1), 207–233.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Three types of heuristics are very frequent and have implications for [[Risk Perception]]: <ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(1), 207–233.</ref></div></td></tr>
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Eluiijf
https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php?title=Psychological_Heuristics&diff=10985&oldid=prev
Eluiijf at 14:14, 29 June 2019
2019-06-29T14:14:55Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:14, 29 June 2019</td>
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Eluiijf
https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php?title=Psychological_Heuristics&diff=5999&oldid=prev
Mtheocharidou: Created page with "==Definitions== === European Definitions === === Other International Definitions === === National Definitions === ===Standard Definition=== ===Discussion === Psychologic..."
2016-11-24T14:53:10Z
<p>Created page with "==Definitions== === European Definitions === === Other International Definitions === === National Definitions === ===Standard Definition=== ===Discussion === Psychologic..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>==Definitions==<br />
=== European Definitions ===<br />
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=== Other International Definitions ===<br />
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=== National Definitions ===<br />
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===Standard Definition===<br />
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===Discussion ===<br />
Psychological Heuristics are cognitive mechanisms that influence people’s judgments and their rational decisions. A heuristic is a “mental shortcut” that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently but not necessarily accurately. They help the person preserve cognitive resources, but they can lead to cognitive biases. Cognitive psychologists have shown that individuals cannot have an objective rational thinking, because they cannot operate with accurate probabilities. Instead they tend to make approximations based on their intuition, incomplete data, familiar (salient) information, or personal examples. <ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131. </ref><ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453-458. </ref><br />
<br />
Three types of heuristics are very frequent and have implications for [[Risk Perception]]: <ref>Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(1), 207–233.</ref><br />
* The availability heuristic involves making decisions based upon how easy it is to bring something to mind. Recent examples are usually most easily recalled since these are more readily available in your memory. However, activating a singular example (not necessarily representative for the whole population!) or examples based on what the media is recurrently evoking, causes a biased risk perception.<br />
* The representativeness heuristic involves making decisions by comparing the present situation to the most representative mental prototype. <br />
* The affect heuristic involves making decisions based on emotions experienced at a particular moment in time. For example, a positive emotion will cause an underestimation of risk and overstating the potential benefits <ref>Finucane, M.L., Alhakami, A., Slovic, P., & Johnson, S.M. (2000). The affect heuristic in judgments of risks and benefits. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 13, 1-17. </ref> <ref>Slovic, P., Finucane, M., Peters, E., MacGregor, D.G., (2002). The Affect Heuristic. În Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, & Daniel Kahneman. Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. Cambridge University Press, pp. 397–420. </ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Illusion of Control]]<br />
* [[Optimism Bias]]<br />
* [[Risk]]<br />
* [[Risk Mitigation]]<br />
* [[Risk Perception]]<br />
* [[Risk Tolerance]]<br />
* [[Subjective Risk]]<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references /><br />
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==References==<br />
* Test reference. --><br />
[[Category:Human Aspects]][[Category:Risk]]<br />
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Mtheocharidou