Difference between revisions of "National Security"

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=== European Definitions ===
 
=== European Definitions ===
 
<big>There is no European definition of National Security.</big> <br />
 
<big>There is no European definition of National Security.</big> <br />
However, Article 8(2) about the Right to respect for private and family life of the European Convention on Human Rights states "There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of '''national security''', public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others."  This leaves the definition and interpretation of national security to the individual Member States.
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However, Article 8(2) about the Right to respect for private and family life of the European Convention on Human Rights states "''There shall be no interference by a public authority with the [[exercise]] of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of '''national security''', public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.''"  This leaves the definition and interpretation of national security to the individual Member States.
  
 
=== Other International Definitions ===
 
=== Other International Definitions ===
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=== National Definitions ===
 
=== National Definitions ===
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==== [[Albania]] ====
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{{definition|[http://www.mod.gov.al/images/PDF/strategjia_sigurise_kombetare_republikes_se_shqiperise.pdf National Security Strategy by the Ministry of Defence (2014)]}}
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==== [[Armenia]] ====
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{{definition|ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ԴԻՄԱԿԱՅՈՒՆ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆ ՓՈՓՈԽՎՈՂ ԱՇԽԱՐՀՈՒՄ (Հուլիս 2020) <ref>[https://www.seco.am/pdf/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6%20%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%20%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%202020.pdf ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ԴԻՄԱԿԱՅՈՒՆ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆ ՓՈՓՈԽՎՈՂ ԱՇԽԱՐՀՈՒՄ (Հուլիս 2020)]</ref><br/><br/>National Security Strategy of the Republic of Armenia: A resilient Armenia in a Changing World (July 2020)  <ref>[https://www.seco.am/pdf/Armenia%202020%20National%20Security%20Strategy.pdf National Security Strategy of the Republic of Armenia: A resilient Armenia in a Changing World (July 2020)]</ref>}}
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{{definition|ազգային անվտանգության ռազմավարությունը պետության, հասարակության և անհատի անվտանգության ապահովման, կայուն զարգացման, հայ ինքնության պահպանման պետական քաղաքականության համակարգն էուղղ. <ref>[http://www.arlis.am%2FDocumentView.aspx%3FdocID%3D31189 ՀՀ ՆԱԽԱԳԱՀԻ ՀՐԱՄԱՆԱԳԻՐԸ ՀՀ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՀԱՍՏԱՏԵԼՈՒ ՄԱՍԻՆ]</ref><br/><br/>The National Security Strategy of the Republic of Armenia is a system of state policy aimed to guarantee state, public, and individual security, sustainable development and the maintenance of the Armenian identity.  <ref>[http://www.mil.am/media/2015/07/828.pdf NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA 2007]</ref>}}
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====  [[Australia]] ====
 
====  [[Australia]] ====
{{definition| Australia’s defence, [[security]], international relations or law enforcement interests. <ref>Section 8 of the NSI Act</ref>}}
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{{definition|Australia’s defence, [[security]], international relations or law enforcement interests. <ref>Section 8 of the NSI Act</ref>}}<br />
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{{definition|National security: A term used to describe the safety of Australia from espionage, sabotage, politically motivated violence, promotion of communal violence, attacks on Australia’s defence system, acts of foreign interference or serious organised crime, as well as the protection of Australia’s borders. <ref>[https://www.protectivesecurity.gov.au/resources/Pages/PSPF-Glossary-of-terms.aspx  Protective Security Policy Framework - Glossary Oct 2017]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
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==== [[Belarus]] ====
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{{definition|национальная безопасность – состояние защищенности национальных интересов Республики Беларусь от внутренних и внешних угроз. <ref>[http://kgb.by/ru/ukaz575/ Концепция Националъной Безопасности, Министерство Внутренних Дел Рецпублики Беларусъ, 2010]</ref><br/>(national security - the state of protection of national interests of the Republic of Belarus from internal and external threats)}}<br />
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====  [[Belgium]] ====
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{{definition|«Nationale veiligheid» kan omschreven worden als de externe veiligheid van de Staat. <ref>[http://www.dekamer.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fshowpage.cfm%3Fsection%3Dqrva%26language%3Dnl%26cfm%3DqrvaXml.cfm%3Flegislat%3D49%26dossierID%3D49-b011-04-0026-0000199550267.xml  Belgium Parliament Bulletin nr : B7,P - Schriftelijke vraag en antwoord nr: 0026 - Zittingsperiode: 49]</ref><br/><br/>Le concept de «sécurité nationale» peut se définir comme étant la sécurité extérieure de l'Etat. <ref>[http://www.dekamer.be%2Fkvvcr%2Fshowpage.cfm%3Fsection%3Dqrva%26language%3Dfr%26cfm%3DqrvaXml.cfm%3Flegislat%3D49%26dossierID%3D49-b011-04-0026-0000199550267.xml Bulletin n° : B7,P - Question et réponse écrite n°: 0026 - Législature: 49]</ref>}}<br />
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====[[Brazil]] ====
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{{definition|Segurança Nacional: Grau de garantia que — através de ações políticas, econômicas, psicossociais e militares — o Estado, em determinada época, proporciona à Nação que jurisdiciona, para a conquista ou manutenção dos Objetivos Nacionais, a despeito dos antagonismos ou pressões existentes ou potenciais. <ref>[http://www.bombeiros.go.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/16-Glosssario-de-Defesa-Civil-Estudo-de-Risco-e-Medicina-de-Desastres.pdf GLOSSÁRIO DE DEFESA CIVIL ESTUDOS DE RISCOS E MEDICINA DE DESASTRES, Ministério da Integração Nacional, Brazil]</ref><br /><br/>National Security: Degree of guarantee that - through political, economic, psychosocial and military actions - the State, at a given time, provides the Nation with jurisdiction, for the achievement or maintenance of the National Objectives, in spite of existing or potential antagonisms or pressures.}}<br /><br/>
 
====  [[Bulgaria]] ====
 
====  [[Bulgaria]] ====
 
{{definition|Национална сигурност е състояние на обществото и държавата, при което са защитени основните права и свободи на човека и гражданина, териториалната цялост, независимостта и суверинитетът на страната и е гарантирано демократичното функциониране на държавата и гражданските институции, в резултат на което нацията запазва и увеличава своето благосъстояние и се развива. <ref>ЗЗКИ (Закон за защита на класифицираната информация) в Пар.1 т.13 от Допълнителните разпоредби.</ref><br/><br/>National security is a state of society and the state in which protected fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen, territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty of the country, and the democratic functioning of the state and civil institutions, resulting in national reserves and increasing its wealth and development (CIPA (Law on Protection of Classified Information) in section 13, paragraph 1 of the Supplementary Provisions). -''Unofficial web translation; CIPedia is looking for improvement''-}}<br />
 
{{definition|Национална сигурност е състояние на обществото и държавата, при което са защитени основните права и свободи на човека и гражданина, териториалната цялост, независимостта и суверинитетът на страната и е гарантирано демократичното функциониране на държавата и гражданските институции, в резултат на което нацията запазва и увеличава своето благосъстояние и се развива. <ref>ЗЗКИ (Закон за защита на класифицираната информация) в Пар.1 т.13 от Допълнителните разпоредби.</ref><br/><br/>National security is a state of society and the state in which protected fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen, territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty of the country, and the democratic functioning of the state and civil institutions, resulting in national reserves and increasing its wealth and development (CIPA (Law on Protection of Classified Information) in section 13, paragraph 1 of the Supplementary Provisions). -''Unofficial web translation; CIPedia is looking for improvement''-}}<br />
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==== [[Croatia]] ====
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{{definition|Pod nacionalnom sigurnošću Republike Hrvatske razumijevaju se: (1) određeno (postignuto ili projektirano) stanje sigurnosti, (2) funkcionalno područje djelovanja različitih sigurnosnih institucija, zajedno s ukupnim društvenim nastojanjima na polju postizanja sigurnosnih ciljeva, te (3) same institucije sigurnosti, povezane u uređeni sustav odnosa. <ref>[https://www.soa.hr/UserFiles/File/Strategija_nacionalne_sigurnosti_RH.pdf HRVATSKI SABOR Na temelju članka 80. Ustava Republike Hrvatske, Hrvatski sabor na sjednici 19. ožujka 2002., donio je STRATEGIJU NACIONALNE SIGURNOSTI REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE] </ref>}}<br /><br />
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==== [[Czech Republic]] ====
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{{definition|[http://www.army.cz/images/id_8001_9000/8503/Security_Strategy_2015.pdf Security Strategy of the Czech Republic (2015)]<br/><br/>[http://www.vlada.cz/assets/ppov/brs/dokumenty/bezpecnostni-strategie-2015.pdf Bezpečnostní strategie České republiky 2015]}}<br/><br/>
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==== [[Finland]] ====
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{{definition|''Sisäinen'' turvallisuus: Sellainen yhteiskunnan tila, jossa jokainen voi nauttia oikeusjärjestelmän takaamista oikeuksista ja vapauksista ilman rikollisuudesta, häiriöistä, onnettomuuksista tai suomalaisen yhteiskunnan tai kansainvälistyvän maailman ilmiöistä ja muutoksista johtuvaa aiheellista pelkoa ja turvattomuutta. <ref>[http://www.yhteiskunnanturvallisuus.fi/fi/materiaalit/doc_download/24-yhteiskunnan-turvallisuusstrategia Yhteikunnan Turvallisuusstrategia, Valtioneuvoston periaatepäätös 16.12.2010]</ref><br/><br/>''Internal'' security: The  state  of  affairs  in  society  when  the  judicial  system  guarantees rights and freedoms for all and people have no  cause to fear crime or disturbances or to feel insecure about  events and changes in Finnish society or the increasingly  international world.  <ref>[http://www.yhteiskunnanturvallisuus.fi/en/materials/doc_download/26-security-strategy-for-society Security Strategy for Society, Government Resolution 16.12.2010]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
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==== [[Guatemala]] ====
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{{definition|Seguridad de la Nación incluye el conjunto de principios, políticas, objetivos, estrategias, procedimientos, organismos, funciones y responsabilidades de los componentes del Estado en materia de seguridad, que garantizan su independencia, soberanía e integridad, y los derechos fundamentales de la población establecidos en la Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala, consolidando la paz, el desarrollo, la justicia y el respeto de los derechos humanos. <ref>[http://stcns.gob.gt/docs/2016/Plan_Estrategico/PESN%202016-2020.pdf Plan Estratégico de Seguridad de la Nación 2016-2020, Guatemala]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
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==== [[Mongolia]] ====
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{{definition|National security shall mean ensuring favorable external and internal conditions for securing and protecting the genuine national interests of Mongolia.<ref>[http://www.nsc.gov.mn/sites/default/files/images/National%20Security%20Concept%20of%20Mongolia%20EN.pdf NATIONAL SECURITY CONCEPT OF MONGOLIA]</ref>}}<br /><br/>
  
 
==== [[Netherlands]] ====
 
==== [[Netherlands]] ====
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{{definition|Nationale Veiligheid De nationale veiligheid is in het geding wanneer een of meerdere nationale veiligheidsbelangen ernstig worden bedreigd.  <ref>[https://www.ncsc.nl/binaries/ncsc/documenten/publicaties/2020/juni/29/csbn-2020/CSBN+2020.pdf Cyber Security Beeld Nederland 2020]</ref>}}Nationale veiligheid gaat over alle opzettelijke en niet-opzettelijke risico’s en dreigingen die kunnen leiden tot maatschappelijke ontwrichting in Nederland. Van overstroming tot terrorisme en van een grieppandemie tot een cyberaanval. <br/><br/>
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{{definition|The national security is threatened when vital interest of the Dutch State and/or Dutch society is hampered in a way that it potentially causes societal disruption.<br/><br/>De nationale veiligheid is in het geding als vitale belangen van onze staat en/of onze samenleving zodanig bedreigd worden dat sprake is van – potentiële – maatschappelijke ontwrichting. <ref>[https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-30821-3-b1.pdf Strategie Nationale Veiligheid (2007)]</ref>}}
 
{{definition|The national security is threatened when vital interest of the Dutch State and/or Dutch society is hampered in a way that it potentially causes societal disruption.<br/><br/>De nationale veiligheid is in het geding als vitale belangen van onze staat en/of onze samenleving zodanig bedreigd worden dat sprake is van – potentiële – maatschappelijke ontwrichting. <ref>[https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-30821-3-b1.pdf Strategie Nationale Veiligheid (2007)]</ref>}}
 
Nationale veiligheid omvat zowel aantasting van de veiligheid door opzettelijk menselijk handelen (security) als aantasting door rampen, systeem- of procesfouten, menselijk falen of natuurlijke anomalieën zoals extreem weer (safety).<br />
 
Nationale veiligheid omvat zowel aantasting van de veiligheid door opzettelijk menselijk handelen (security) als aantasting door rampen, systeem- of procesfouten, menselijk falen of natuurlijke anomalieën zoals extreem weer (safety).<br />
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====[[North Macedonia]]====
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{{definition|Национална безбедност – систем за современ облик на организирање и функционирање на општеството заради спроведување на специфични активности и мерки на превентивен и репресивен план во функција на заштита на фундаменталните општествени вредности од сите видови и облици на безбедносни предизвици, закани и ризици на сите нивоа. <ref>[http://www.mioa.gov.mk/sites/default/files/pbl_files/documents/strategies/ns_sajber_bezbednost_2018-2022.pdf НАЦИОНАЛНА СТРАТЕГИЈА ЗА САЈБЕР БЕЗБЕДНОСТ НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА 2018 -2022]</ref> <ref>http://www.mioa.gov.mk/sites/default/files/pbl_files/documents/strategies/cyber_security_strategy_macedonia_2018-2022_-_eng.pdf National Cyber Security Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia (2018)]</ref>}}<br/>
 
====  [[Philippines]] ====
 
====  [[Philippines]] ====
{{definition|Our national security is a state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously enhanced. <ref>[http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/offices/sps/rotc/pdf/ms1/threat-NatlSecurity.pdf DLSU]</ref>}}<br />
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{{definition|Our national security is a state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously enhanced. <ref>[http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/offices/sps/rotc/pdf/ms1/threat-NatlSecurity.pdf DLSU]</ref>}}<br /><br/>
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====[[Poland]]====
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{{definition|Bezpieczeństwo narodowe (bezpieczeństwo państwa): to taki rodzaj bezpieczeństwa, którego podmiotem jest naród zorganizowany w państwo. <ref>[https://www.bbn.gov.pl/pl/bezpieczenstwo-narodowe/minislownik-bbn-propozy/6035,MINISLOWNIK-BBN-Propozycje-nowych-terminow-z-dziedziny-bezpieczenstwa.html (MINI)SŁOWNIK BBN: Propozycje nowych terminów z dziedziny bezpieczeństwa (2015) - proposed definition]</ref>}}<br /><br/>
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==== [[Romania]] ====
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{{definition|Securitatea naţională: Ansamblu de măsuri luate în toate domeniile de activitate (politic, economic, social, militar, cultural, informaţional, diplomatic, ştiinţific, sanitar etc.), de către organele abilitate ale statului, pentru apărarea intereselor fundamentale ale naţiunii, împotriva pericolelor, ameninţărilor şi riscurilor de orice natură, pe timp de pace sau de criză, precum şi în caz de război, în conformitate cu o concepţie unitară şi pentru promovarea, în raporturile cu alte state, a aceloraşi interese; este starea în care trebuie să se găsească statul, naţiunea, pentru a putea să se dezvolte liber şi să acţioneze neîngrădit, în deplină libertate şi normalitate, pentru promovarea intereselor sale fundamentale.  <ref>[http://www.editura.mai.gov.ro/documente/biblioteca/2006/Glosar%20de%20termeni%20din%20domeniul%20ordinii%20publice/GLOSAR%20OP.pdf GLOSAR de termeni din domeniul ordinii şi siguranţei publice, MINISTERUL ADMINISTRAŢIEI ŞI INTERNELOR DIRECŢIA GENERALĂ ORGANIZARE, PLANIFICARE MISIUNI ŞI RESURSE]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
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==== [[Russian Federation]] ====
 
==== [[Russian Federation]] ====
{{definition|национальная безопасность: состояние защищенности личности, общества и государства от внутренних и внешних угроз, которое позволяет обеспечить конституционные права, свободы, достойные качество и уровень жизни граждан, суверенитет, территориальную целостность и устойчивое развитие Российской Федерации, оборону и безопасность государства  <ref>[http://www.scrf.gov.ru/documents/99.html С Т Р А Т Е Г И Я -  национальной безопасности Российской Федерации до 2020 года (2008)]</ref><br/><br/>National security is the situation in which the individual, the society and the state enjoy protection from foreign and domestic threats to the degree that ensures constitutional rights and freedoms, decent quality of life for citizens, as well as sovereignty, territorial integrity and stable development of the Russian Federation, the defense and security of the state. <ref>[http://rustrans.wikidot.com/russia-s-national-security-strategy-to-2020 Russia's National Security Strategy to 2020 (2008)]</ref>}}<br />
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{{definition|национальная безопасность: состояние защищенности личности, общества и государства от внутренних и внешних угроз, которое позволяет обеспечить конституционные права, свободы, достойные качество и уровень жизни граждан, суверенитет, территориальную целостность и устойчивое развитие Российской Федерации, оборону и безопасность государства  <ref>[http://www.scrf.gov.ru/documents/99.html С Т Р А Т Е Г И Я -  национальной безопасности Российской Федерации до 2020 года (2008)]</ref><br/><br/>National security is the situation in which the individual, the society and the state enjoy protection from foreign and domestic threats to the degree that ensures constitutional rights and freedoms, decent quality of life for citizens, as well as sovereignty, territorial integrity and stable development of the Russian Federation, the defense and security of the state. <ref>[http://rustrans.wikidot.com/russia-s-national-security-strategy-to-2020 Russia's National Security Strategy to 2020 (2008)]</ref>}}<br/>
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{{definition|National security entails the protection of ‘the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats’, ensuring the implementation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, a decent quality and standard of living, independence and territorial integrity, as well as sustainable social and economic development. <ref>[http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/40391 Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 31 dekabrja 2015 goda N 683 ”O Strategii nacional’noj bezopasnosti Rossijskoj Federacii”]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
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==== [[Slovakia]] ====
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{{definition|Bezpečnosť štátu: Stav, ktorý umožňuje fungovanie, stabilitu a rozvoj štátu, zachováva mier, zvrchovanosť, územnú celistvosť a nedotknuteľnosť hraníc,  vnútorný poriadok v štáte, základné práva a slobody občanov a ochranu životov a zdravia osôb, majetku a životného prostredia. <ref>[http://archiv.vlada.gov.sk/old.uv/data/files/2365.doc BEZPEČNOSTNÁ RADA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
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====[[South Africa]]====
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{{definition|elithi ‘‘ukhuseleko lwelizwe’’ linentsingiselo elinikwe yona kwisiqendu 198 soMgaqo-siseko. <br/><br/>‘‘national security’’ has the meaning ascribed to it in section 198 of the Constitution. <ref>[https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201911/4286628-11act8of2019criticalinfraprotectact.pdf Act No. 8 of 2019: Critical Infrastructure Protection Act, 2019]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
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====[[Spain]]====
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{{definition|La Seguridad Nacional es la acción del Estado dirigida a proteger la libertad, los derechos y bienestar de los ciudadanos, a garantizar la defensa de España y sus principios y valores constitucionales, así como a contribuir junto a nuestros socios y aliados a la seguridad internacional en el cumplimiento de los compromisos asumidos. <br/><br/>National Security is the action of the State aimed at protecting the freedom, rights and welfare of citizens, guaranteeing the defense of Spain and its constitutional principles and values, as well as contributing together with our partners and allies to international security in fulfilling the commitments assumed. <ref>[http://www.dsn.gob.es/es/sistema-seguridad-nacional/qu%C3%A9-es-seguridad-nacional What is National Security]</ref>}}<br /><br/>
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==== [[Ukraine]] ====
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{{definition|національна безпека - захищеність життєво важливих інтересів людини і громадянина, суспільства і держави, за якої забезпечуються сталий розвиток суспільства, своєчасне виявлення, запобігання і нейтралізація реальних та потенційних загроз національним інтересам у сферах правоохоронної діяльності, боротьби з корупцією, прикордонної діяльності та оборони, міграційної політики, охорони здоров'я, освіти та науки, науково-технічної та інноваційної політики, культурного розвитку населення, забезпечення свободи слова та інформаційної безпеки, соціальної політики та пенсійного забезпечення, житлово-комунального господарства, ринку фінансових послуг, захисту прав власності, фондових ринків і обігу цінних паперів, податково-бюджетної та митної політики, торгівлі та підприємницької діяльності, ринку банківських послуг, інвестиційної політики, ревізійної діяльності, монетарної та валютної політики, захисту інформації, ліцензування, промисловості та сільського господарства, транспорту та зв'язку, інформаційних технологій, енергетики та енергозбереження, функціонування природних монополій, використання надр, земельних та водних ресурсів, корисних копалин, захисту екології і навколишнього природного середовища та інших сферах державного управління при виникненні негативних тенденцій до створення потенційних або реальних загроз національним інтересам.<br/><br/>{machine translation} National security - protection of vital interests of a person and a citizen, a society and a state in which sustainable development of society is ensured, timely detection, prevention and neutralization of real and potential threats to national interests in the spheres of law enforcement, fight against corruption, border activity and defense, migration policy , health, education and science, scientific and technical and innovation policy, cultural development of the population, ensuring freedom of speech and information security and social policy and pensions, housing and utilities, financial services market, property rights, equity markets and circulation of securities, fiscal and customs policy, trade and business, banking market, investment policy. <ref>[http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/964-15/paran9#n9  ЗАКОН УКРАЇНИ - Про основи національної безпеки України / THE LAW OF UKRAINE: On the Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VVR), 2003, No. 39, p.351]</ref>}}<br>
 +
{{definition|національна безпека України – захищеність державного суверенітету, територіальної цілісності, демократичного конституційного ладу та інших національних інтересів України від реальних та потенційних загроз  <ref>[http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc34?id=&pf3511=63531&pf35401=447876 Проект Закону 27.02.2018  -  Draft Law 8068 “On National Security”]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
  
 
==== [[United States]] ====
 
==== [[United States]] ====
{{definition|National security is a collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign relations of the United States. Specifically, the condition provided by: 1) a military or defense advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations; 2) a favorable foreign relations position; or 3) a defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from within or without, overt or covert. <ref>[http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp1_02.pdf USA DoD JP 1-02]</ref>}} Depending on risk, these actions could include: changes in tactics, techniques, or procedures; adding redundancy; selection of another asset; isolation or hardening; guarding; etc. <br />
+
===== [[DoD]]=====
 +
{{definition|National security is a collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign relations of the United States with the purpose of gaining: <br/>a. A military or defense advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations; <br/>b. A favorable foreign relations position; or <br/>c. A defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from within or without, overt or covert. <ref>[http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp1_02.pdf Joint Publication 1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (2016)]</ref>}}<br/>
 +
===== [[White House]] =====
 +
{{definition|National Security Strategy of the United States of America. <ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf  The White House, December 18, 2017]</ref>}}<br/><br/>
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Revision as of 18:14, 18 December 2020


Definitions

European Definitions

There is no European definition of National Security.
However, Article 8(2) about the Right to respect for private and family life of the European Convention on Human Rights states "There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others." This leaves the definition and interpretation of national security to the individual Member States.

Other International Definitions

National Definitions

Albania

National Security Strategy by the Ministry of Defence (2014)


Armenia

ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ԴԻՄԱԿԱՅՈՒՆ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆ ՓՈՓՈԽՎՈՂ ԱՇԽԱՐՀՈՒՄ (Հուլիս 2020) [1]

National Security Strategy of the Republic of Armenia: A resilient Armenia in a Changing World (July 2020) [2]


ազգային անվտանգության ռազմավարությունը պետության, հասարակության և անհատի անվտանգության ապահովման, կայուն զարգացման, հայ ինքնության պահպանման պետական քաղաքականության համակարգն էուղղ. [3]

The National Security Strategy of the Republic of Armenia is a system of state policy aimed to guarantee state, public, and individual security, sustainable development and the maintenance of the Armenian identity. [4]


Australia

Australia’s defence, security, international relations or law enforcement interests. [5]


National security: A term used to describe the safety of Australia from espionage, sabotage, politically motivated violence, promotion of communal violence, attacks on Australia’s defence system, acts of foreign interference or serious organised crime, as well as the protection of Australia’s borders. [6]



Belarus

национальная безопасность – состояние защищенности национальных интересов Республики Беларусь от внутренних и внешних угроз. [7]
(national security - the state of protection of national interests of the Republic of Belarus from internal and external threats)


Belgium

«Nationale veiligheid» kan omschreven worden als de externe veiligheid van de Staat. [8]

Le concept de «sécurité nationale» peut se définir comme étant la sécurité extérieure de l'Etat. [9]


Brazil

Segurança Nacional: Grau de garantia que — através de ações políticas, econômicas, psicossociais e militares — o Estado, em determinada época, proporciona à Nação que jurisdiciona, para a conquista ou manutenção dos Objetivos Nacionais, a despeito dos antagonismos ou pressões existentes ou potenciais. [10]

National Security: Degree of guarantee that - through political, economic, psychosocial and military actions - the State, at a given time, provides the Nation with jurisdiction, for the achievement or maintenance of the National Objectives, in spite of existing or potential antagonisms or pressures.



Bulgaria

Национална сигурност е състояние на обществото и държавата, при което са защитени основните права и свободи на човека и гражданина, териториалната цялост, независимостта и суверинитетът на страната и е гарантирано демократичното функциониране на държавата и гражданските институции, в резултат на което нацията запазва и увеличава своето благосъстояние и се развива. [11]

National security is a state of society and the state in which protected fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen, territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty of the country, and the democratic functioning of the state and civil institutions, resulting in national reserves and increasing its wealth and development (CIPA (Law on Protection of Classified Information) in section 13, paragraph 1 of the Supplementary Provisions). -Unofficial web translation; CIPedia is looking for improvement-


Croatia

Pod nacionalnom sigurnošću Republike Hrvatske razumijevaju se: (1) određeno (postignuto ili projektirano) stanje sigurnosti, (2) funkcionalno područje djelovanja različitih sigurnosnih institucija, zajedno s ukupnim društvenim nastojanjima na polju postizanja sigurnosnih ciljeva, te (3) same institucije sigurnosti, povezane u uređeni sustav odnosa. [12]



Czech Republic

Security Strategy of the Czech Republic (2015)

Bezpečnostní strategie České republiky 2015



Finland

Sisäinen turvallisuus: Sellainen yhteiskunnan tila, jossa jokainen voi nauttia oikeusjärjestelmän takaamista oikeuksista ja vapauksista ilman rikollisuudesta, häiriöistä, onnettomuuksista tai suomalaisen yhteiskunnan tai kansainvälistyvän maailman ilmiöistä ja muutoksista johtuvaa aiheellista pelkoa ja turvattomuutta. [13]

Internal security: The state of affairs in society when the judicial system guarantees rights and freedoms for all and people have no cause to fear crime or disturbances or to feel insecure about events and changes in Finnish society or the increasingly international world. [14]



Guatemala

Seguridad de la Nación incluye el conjunto de principios, políticas, objetivos, estrategias, procedimientos, organismos, funciones y responsabilidades de los componentes del Estado en materia de seguridad, que garantizan su independencia, soberanía e integridad, y los derechos fundamentales de la población establecidos en la Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala, consolidando la paz, el desarrollo, la justicia y el respeto de los derechos humanos. [15]




Mongolia

National security shall mean ensuring favorable external and internal conditions for securing and protecting the genuine national interests of Mongolia.[16]



Netherlands

Nationale Veiligheid De nationale veiligheid is in het geding wanneer een of meerdere nationale veiligheidsbelangen ernstig worden bedreigd. [17]

Nationale veiligheid gaat over alle opzettelijke en niet-opzettelijke risico’s en dreigingen die kunnen leiden tot maatschappelijke ontwrichting in Nederland. Van overstroming tot terrorisme en van een grieppandemie tot een cyberaanval.

The national security is threatened when vital interest of the Dutch State and/or Dutch society is hampered in a way that it potentially causes societal disruption.

De nationale veiligheid is in het geding als vitale belangen van onze staat en/of onze samenleving zodanig bedreigd worden dat sprake is van – potentiële – maatschappelijke ontwrichting. [18]

Nationale veiligheid omvat zowel aantasting van de veiligheid door opzettelijk menselijk handelen (security) als aantasting door rampen, systeem- of procesfouten, menselijk falen of natuurlijke anomalieën zoals extreem weer (safety).

North Macedonia

Национална безбедност – систем за современ облик на организирање и функционирање на општеството заради спроведување на специфични активности и мерки на превентивен и репресивен план во функција на заштита на фундаменталните општествени вредности од сите видови и облици на безбедносни предизвици, закани и ризици на сите нивоа. [19] [20]


Philippines

Our national security is a state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously enhanced. [21]



Poland

Bezpieczeństwo narodowe (bezpieczeństwo państwa): to taki rodzaj bezpieczeństwa, którego podmiotem jest naród zorganizowany w państwo. [22]



Romania

Securitatea naţională: Ansamblu de măsuri luate în toate domeniile de activitate (politic, economic, social, militar, cultural, informaţional, diplomatic, ştiinţific, sanitar etc.), de către organele abilitate ale statului, pentru apărarea intereselor fundamentale ale naţiunii, împotriva pericolelor, ameninţărilor şi riscurilor de orice natură, pe timp de pace sau de criză, precum şi în caz de război, în conformitate cu o concepţie unitară şi pentru promovarea, în raporturile cu alte state, a aceloraşi interese; este starea în care trebuie să se găsească statul, naţiunea, pentru a putea să se dezvolte liber şi să acţioneze neîngrădit, în deplină libertate şi normalitate, pentru promovarea intereselor sale fundamentale. [23]



Russian Federation

национальная безопасность: состояние защищенности личности, общества и государства от внутренних и внешних угроз, которое позволяет обеспечить конституционные права, свободы, достойные качество и уровень жизни граждан, суверенитет, территориальную целостность и устойчивое развитие Российской Федерации, оборону и безопасность государства [24]

National security is the situation in which the individual, the society and the state enjoy protection from foreign and domestic threats to the degree that ensures constitutional rights and freedoms, decent quality of life for citizens, as well as sovereignty, territorial integrity and stable development of the Russian Federation, the defense and security of the state. [25]


National security entails the protection of ‘the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats’, ensuring the implementation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, a decent quality and standard of living, independence and territorial integrity, as well as sustainable social and economic development. [26]



Slovakia

Bezpečnosť štátu: Stav, ktorý umožňuje fungovanie, stabilitu a rozvoj štátu, zachováva mier, zvrchovanosť, územnú celistvosť a nedotknuteľnosť hraníc, vnútorný poriadok v štáte, základné práva a slobody občanov a ochranu životov a zdravia osôb, majetku a životného prostredia. [27]



South Africa

elithi ‘‘ukhuseleko lwelizwe’’ linentsingiselo elinikwe yona kwisiqendu 198 soMgaqo-siseko.

‘‘national security’’ has the meaning ascribed to it in section 198 of the Constitution. [28]



Spain

La Seguridad Nacional es la acción del Estado dirigida a proteger la libertad, los derechos y bienestar de los ciudadanos, a garantizar la defensa de España y sus principios y valores constitucionales, así como a contribuir junto a nuestros socios y aliados a la seguridad internacional en el cumplimiento de los compromisos asumidos.

National Security is the action of the State aimed at protecting the freedom, rights and welfare of citizens, guaranteeing the defense of Spain and its constitutional principles and values, as well as contributing together with our partners and allies to international security in fulfilling the commitments assumed. [29]



Ukraine

національна безпека - захищеність життєво важливих інтересів людини і громадянина, суспільства і держави, за якої забезпечуються сталий розвиток суспільства, своєчасне виявлення, запобігання і нейтралізація реальних та потенційних загроз національним інтересам у сферах правоохоронної діяльності, боротьби з корупцією, прикордонної діяльності та оборони, міграційної політики, охорони здоров'я, освіти та науки, науково-технічної та інноваційної політики, культурного розвитку населення, забезпечення свободи слова та інформаційної безпеки, соціальної політики та пенсійного забезпечення, житлово-комунального господарства, ринку фінансових послуг, захисту прав власності, фондових ринків і обігу цінних паперів, податково-бюджетної та митної політики, торгівлі та підприємницької діяльності, ринку банківських послуг, інвестиційної політики, ревізійної діяльності, монетарної та валютної політики, захисту інформації, ліцензування, промисловості та сільського господарства, транспорту та зв'язку, інформаційних технологій, енергетики та енергозбереження, функціонування природних монополій, використання надр, земельних та водних ресурсів, корисних копалин, захисту екології і навколишнього природного середовища та інших сферах державного управління при виникненні негативних тенденцій до створення потенційних або реальних загроз національним інтересам.

{machine translation} National security - protection of vital interests of a person and a citizen, a society and a state in which sustainable development of society is ensured, timely detection, prevention and neutralization of real and potential threats to national interests in the spheres of law enforcement, fight against corruption, border activity and defense, migration policy , health, education and science, scientific and technical and innovation policy, cultural development of the population, ensuring freedom of speech and information security and social policy and pensions, housing and utilities, financial services market, property rights, equity markets and circulation of securities, fiscal and customs policy, trade and business, banking market, investment policy. [30]


національна безпека України – захищеність державного суверенітету, територіальної цілісності, демократичного конституційного ладу та інших національних інтересів України від реальних та потенційних загроз [31]



United States

DoD
National security is a collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign relations of the United States with the purpose of gaining:
a. A military or defense advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations;
b. A favorable foreign relations position; or
c. A defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from within or without, overt or covert. [32]


White House
National Security Strategy of the United States of America. [33]



Discussion Topic

This is a discussion on the various definitions listed above.

See also


Notes

References

  1. ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ԴԻՄԱԿԱՅՈՒՆ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆ ՓՈՓՈԽՎՈՂ ԱՇԽԱՐՀՈՒՄ (Հուլիս 2020)
  2. National Security Strategy of the Republic of Armenia: A resilient Armenia in a Changing World (July 2020)
  3. ՀՀ ՆԱԽԱԳԱՀԻ ՀՐԱՄԱՆԱԳԻՐԸ ՀՀ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՀԱՍՏԱՏԵԼՈՒ ՄԱՍԻՆ
  4. NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA 2007
  5. Section 8 of the NSI Act
  6. Protective Security Policy Framework - Glossary Oct 2017
  7. Концепция Националъной Безопасности, Министерство Внутренних Дел Рецпублики Беларусъ, 2010
  8. Belgium Parliament Bulletin nr : B7,P - Schriftelijke vraag en antwoord nr: 0026 - Zittingsperiode: 49
  9. Bulletin n° : B7,P - Question et réponse écrite n°: 0026 - Législature: 49
  10. GLOSSÁRIO DE DEFESA CIVIL ESTUDOS DE RISCOS E MEDICINA DE DESASTRES, Ministério da Integração Nacional, Brazil
  11. ЗЗКИ (Закон за защита на класифицираната информация) в Пар.1 т.13 от Допълнителните разпоредби.
  12. HRVATSKI SABOR Na temelju članka 80. Ustava Republike Hrvatske, Hrvatski sabor na sjednici 19. ožujka 2002., donio je STRATEGIJU NACIONALNE SIGURNOSTI REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE
  13. Yhteikunnan Turvallisuusstrategia, Valtioneuvoston periaatepäätös 16.12.2010
  14. Security Strategy for Society, Government Resolution 16.12.2010
  15. Plan Estratégico de Seguridad de la Nación 2016-2020, Guatemala
  16. NATIONAL SECURITY CONCEPT OF MONGOLIA
  17. Cyber Security Beeld Nederland 2020
  18. Strategie Nationale Veiligheid (2007)
  19. НАЦИОНАЛНА СТРАТЕГИЈА ЗА САЈБЕР БЕЗБЕДНОСТ НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА 2018 -2022
  20. http://www.mioa.gov.mk/sites/default/files/pbl_files/documents/strategies/cyber_security_strategy_macedonia_2018-2022_-_eng.pdf National Cyber Security Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia (2018)]
  21. DLSU
  22. (MINI)SŁOWNIK BBN: Propozycje nowych terminów z dziedziny bezpieczeństwa (2015) - proposed definition
  23. GLOSAR de termeni din domeniul ordinii şi siguranţei publice, MINISTERUL ADMINISTRAŢIEI ŞI INTERNELOR DIRECŢIA GENERALĂ ORGANIZARE, PLANIFICARE MISIUNI ŞI RESURSE
  24. С Т Р А Т Е Г И Я - национальной безопасности Российской Федерации до 2020 года (2008)
  25. Russia's National Security Strategy to 2020 (2008)
  26. Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 31 dekabrja 2015 goda N 683 ”O Strategii nacional’noj bezopasnosti Rossijskoj Federacii”
  27. BEZPEČNOSTNÁ RADA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY
  28. Act No. 8 of 2019: Critical Infrastructure Protection Act, 2019
  29. What is National Security
  30. ЗАКОН УКРАЇНИ - Про основи національної безпеки України / THE LAW OF UKRAINE: On the Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VVR), 2003, No. 39, p.351
  31. Проект Закону 27.02.2018 - Draft Law 8068 “On National Security”
  32. Joint Publication 1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (2016)
  33. The White House, December 18, 2017