Difference between revisions of "Hazard"
(→DoD) |
|||
(90 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | <big>The definitions of the terms "[[Hazard]]" and "[[Threat]]" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. | + | Hazard | Gefährdung | Peligro | Vaara | Rischio potenziale | ハザード | Zagrożenie | Perigo | 危险 <br/> |
− | + | <br/><big>The definitions of the terms "[[Hazard]]" and "[[Threat]]" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. A usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry.</big><br/> | |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
=== European Definitions === | === European Definitions === | ||
− | {{definition|An accidental or naturally occurring phenomenon with the potential to cause physical or psychological [[harm]] to humans including loss of life, damage or losses of property, and/or disruption to the environment or to structures (economic social, political) upon which a community's way of life depends <ref name="CBRN">[https://cbrn.jrc.ec.europa.eu European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012]</ref>.}} | + | ==== [[Council of Europe]] ==== |
− | }} | + | {{definition|Hazard is a dangerous [[event]] or circumstance that may or may not lead to an [[emergency]] or [[disaster]]. <ref>[http://www.europhras.org/Site/anderedokumente/GMLGR5L_6_12_07.pdf GLOSSAIRE MULTILINGUE DE LA GESTION DU RISQUE pour usagers francophones (2007)/European Centre of Technological Safety (TESEC) - TESEC-EUR-OPA 2001)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> |
+ | ====[[EU]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|An accidental or naturally occurring phenomenon with the potential to cause physical or psychological [[harm]] to humans including loss of life, [[damage]] or losses of property, and/or disruption to the environment or to structures (economic social, political) upon which a community's way of life depends. <ref name="CBRN">[https://cbrn.jrc.ec.europa.eu European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012]</ref>}} | ||
+ | ===== [[EU]] JRC ===== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is the absence or lack of predictability. <ref name="JRC">[http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/node/305 Definition of an assessment framework for projects of common interest in the field of smart grids, 2014]</ref>}} A situation that poses a level of [[threat]] to life, health, property, or environment. <br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === European Project Definitions === | ||
+ | ==== CIPRNet project ==== | ||
+ | {{quote-ciprnet|Hazard is defined as the source of potential harm.}}<br/> | ||
=== Other International Definitions === | === Other International Definitions === | ||
− | ==== | + | ==== [[CARICOM]]==== |
− | {{definition| | + | {{definition|Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health [[Impact|impacts]], property [[damage]], loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental damage.<ref>[http://www.cdema.org/index.php?option=com_joomdoc&task=doc_download&gid=28&Itemid=231 Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) Regional Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy and Results Framework 2014-2024]</ref>}}<br/> |
+ | ==== [[IPCC]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is the potential occurrence of a natural or human-induced physical [[event]] that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well asdamage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, and environmental resources. <ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srex/SREX-Annex_Glossary.pdf IPCC]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[UNDRR]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health [[impact|impacts]], property [[damage]], loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental [[damage]]. <ref> [http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction]</ref>}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <big>The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)<ref>[http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)]</ref> are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.</big><br/><br/> | ||
− | < | + | {{definition|Aléa: Un phénomène dangereux, une substance, activité humaine ou condition pouvant causer des pertes de vies humaines, des blessures ou d’autres effets sur la santé, des dommages aux biens, des pertes de moyens de subsistance et des services, des perturbations socio-économiques, ou des dommages à l’environnement. <ref>[http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyFrench.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/> |
+ | {{definition|Угроза: Опасное явление, вещество, деятельность человека или условия, которые могут повлечь гибель людей, увечья или другой вред здоровью, ущерб имуществу, потерю средств к существованию и услуг, социальные и экономические потрясения или вред окружающей среде. <ref>[http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyRussian.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | {{definition|Amenaza: Un fenómeno, sustancia, actividad humana o condición peligrosa que pueden ocasionar la muerte, lesiones u otros impactos a la salud, al igual que daños a la propiedad, la pérdida de medios de sustento y de servicios, trastornos sociales y económicos, o daños ambientales. <ref>[http://unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologySpanish.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | {{definition| خطر وجمعها أخطار: ظاهرة أو مادة أو نشاط بشري أو ظروف خطيرة يمكن أن تؤدي إلى خسارة في الأرواح أو إصابات أو آثار صحية أخرى أو ضرر بالممتلكات أو خسارة في سبل المعيشة والخدمات أو خلل اقتصادى واجتماعى أو ضرر بيئى. <ref>[http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyArabic.pdf UNISDR glossary]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | {{definition|Ancaman bahaya: Suatu fenomena, substans, aktivitas manusia atau kondisi berbahaya yang bisa menyebabkan hilangnya nyawa, cedera atau dampak-dampak kesehatan lain, kerusakan harta benda, hilangnya penghidupan dan layanan, gangguan sosial dan ekonomi, atau kerusakan lingkungan. <ref>[http://www.preventionweb.net/files/7817_isdrindonesia.pdf UNISDR glossary in Bahasa]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | {{definition|Bahaya: Fenomena keadaan atau aktiviti manusia, bahan atau keadaan yang mampu menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa, kecederaan atau impak kesihatan lain, kerosakan harta benda, kehilangan pekerjaan dan perkhidmatan, gangguan ekonomi dan sosial, atau kerosakan alam sekitar. <ref>[http://www.preventionweb.net/files/7817_isdrmalaysiaterminology.pdf UNISDR glossary in Malay]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | {{definition|<ref>[https://www.preventionweb.net/files/7817_unisdr2009terminologypersianedition.pdf Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management in Farsi]</ref> مخاطره يا خطر <br/>پديده، عنصر، فعاليت انساني و يا وضعيتي خطرناك كه ممكن است آسيب جاني، جراحت ها و يا سايرتاثيرات<br/>سلامتي، آسيب به دارايي ها، آسيب به معيشت ها و خدمات، درهم گسيختگي اجتماعي و اقتصادي و ي<br/>آسيب هاي زيست محيطي را به همراه داشته و سبب گردد را شامل مي شود. }}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[UNDHA]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard: a threatening [[event]], or the [[probability]] of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area. <ref name="UNrelief">[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/004DFD3E15B69A67C1256C4C006225C2-dha-glossary-1992.pdf Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | {{definition|Amenaza: Evento amenazante, o probabilidad de que ocurra un fenómeno potencialmente dañino dentro de un área y periodo de tiempo dado. <ref name="UNrelief">[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/004DFD3E15B69A67C1256C4C006225C2-dha-glossary-1992.pdf Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | {{definition|Aléa: Événement menaçant ou probabilité d'ocurrence dans une région et au cours d'une période données d'un phénomène pouvant engendrer des dommages. <ref name="UNrelief">[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/004DFD3E15B69A67C1256C4C006225C2-dha-glossary-1992.pdf Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | ==== [[WHO]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is a possible [[threat]] of source of exposure to injury, harm or loss, e.g. conflict, natural phenomena. <ref>[http://www.who.int/hac/about/definitions/en/ WHO: Glossary of Humanitarian Terms]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
=== National Definitions === | === National Definitions === | ||
− | < | + | ==== [[Australia]] ==== |
− | ==== | + | {{definition|Hazard: A source of potential harm –including threats. <ref>[https://www.protectivesecurity.gov.au/resources/Pages/PSPF-Glossary-of-terms.aspx Protective Security Policy Framework - Glossary Oct 2017]</ref>}}<br/> |
− | {{definition|Natural or manmade source or cause of [[harm]] or difficulty. <ref> [http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-risk-lexicon-2010.pdf DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010]</ref>}} | + | |
+ | {{definition| Hazard is a source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{definition| Hazard is a potential or existing condition that may cause harm to people or damage to property or the environment. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{definition| Hazard is an intrinsic capacity associated with an agent or process capable of causing harm. <ref name="MAIMAus">[https://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Manual03-AEMGlossary.PDF Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is the capacity of an agent to produce a particular type of adverse health or environmental effect. <ref>[http://www.public.health.wa.gov.au/cproot/1510/2/Health_Impacts_of_Climate_Change.pdf Health impacts of climate change: Adaptation strategies for western Australia (2008)]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | ===== [[New South Wales]]===== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard: a hazard, usually natural, that unintentionally disrupts [[Critical Infrastructure|critical infrastructure]] service provision. <ref>[https://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/Documents/publications/policies/NSW%20Critical%20Infrastructure%20Resilience%20Strategy%202018.pdf NSW Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy Partner, Prepare, Provide (2018) ]</ref>}} | ||
+ | <br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[Canada]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition| Hazard is a potentially damaging physical [[event]], phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. <br /><br />Phénomène, événement physique ou activité humaine susceptible d’occasionner des pertes en vies humaines ou des blessures, des dommages aux biens, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation de l’environnement. <ref>[http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/mrgnc-mngmnt-frmwrk/index-eng.aspx An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition)] </ref> <ref name="canada">[http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2012/tpsgc-pwgsc/S52-2-281-2012.pdf Vocabulaire de la gestion des urgencies/Emergency Management Emergency Management Vocabulary 281 (2012)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | ==== [[Chile]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Peligro: En el estudio de riesgo y para esta guía; representa la probable manifestación de un fenómeno físico de origen natural, que se anticipa puede producir efectos adversos en las personas, la producción, la infraestructura, y los bienes y servicios. <ref>[http://www.gorecoquimbo.gob.cl/gorecoquimbo/site/artic/20150511/asocfile/20150511104931/libro_guia_de_analisis_de_riesgos_naturales_para_el_ordenamiento_territorial_.pdf GUÍA ANÁLISIS DE RIESGOS NATURALES PARA EL ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Regional y Administrativo (SUBDERE) Primera Edición, Junio 2011]</ref>}}Se expresa como la probabilidad de que fenómeno se presente con una cierta intensidad, en un sitio especifico y dentro de un periodo de tiempo definido. <br/><br/> | ||
+ | ==== [[El Salvador]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Amenaza (Hazard): Peligro latente que representa la posible manifestación dentro de un período de tiempo y en un territorio particular de un fenómeno de origen natural, socio-natural o antropogénico, que puede producir efectos adversos en las personas, la producción, la infraestructura, los bienes y servicios y el ambiente. <ref>[http://www.marn.gob.sv/glosario-de-riesgo/ Glosario de Riesgo, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, El Salvador]</ref>}}Es un factor de riesgo externo de un elemento o grupo de elementos expuestos, que se expresa como la probabilidad de que un evento se presente con una cierta intensidad, en un sitio especifico y en dentro de un periodo de tiempo definido.<br/><br/> | ||
+ | ====[[Finland]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Vaara: hyvin todennäköisesti toteutuva tai jo toteutunut, parhaillaan vaikuttava haitallinen tapahtuma tai kehityskulku.<br/><br/>Hazard: very probably realising or already realised, presently influencing harmful [[event]] or development. -''unofficial translation''- <ref name=TSK>[http://www.spek.fi/loader.aspx?id=1c66e01d-a75e-4a9a-80ec-9816340ce752 Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | ==== [[Germany]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|(Concrete) effects of dangers/[[threat]]s (natural phenomena, technical failure or human error, human misconduct) on [[Critical Infrastructure]]s.<ref>[http://www.kritis.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/Kritis/EN/Baseline%20Protection%20Concept.pdf Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | ==== [[India]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard: A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. <ref>[https://ndma.gov.in/images/policyplan/dmplan/National%20Disaster%20Management%20Plan%20May%202016.pdf National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)- (2016)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | ==== [[Ireland]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|A hazard is any phenomenon with the potential to cause direct [[harm]] to members of the community, the environment or physical infrastructure, or being potentially damaging to the economic and social infrastructure. <ref>[http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Appendices2D.pdf/Files/Appendices2D.pdf A FRAMEWORK FOR MAJOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (APPENDICES)]</ref>}} <br /> | ||
+ | ==== [[Italy]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Pericolosità (Hazard): è la probabilità che un fenomeno di una determinata intensità si verifichi in un certo periodo di tempo, in una data area. <ref>[http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/jcms/it/glossario.wp Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Glossario]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | ==== [[Madagascar]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Aléa: Situation potentielle ou existante qui peut affecter les populations, détériorer les biens ou l’environnement. L’amplitude du phénomène, sa probabilité, l’étendue et la gravité de son impact sont variables. <ref>[http://www.primature.gov.mg/cpgu/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/SNGRC.pdf Stratégie Nationale de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes – Madagascar (2014)]</ref>}}Dans de nombreux cas, ces dégâts peuvent être anticipés et estimés <br/><br/> | ||
+ | ==== [[Nepal]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard: A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. <ref>[http://ppcr.moste.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Training-Manual-Final-26-January-2015-sohan.pdf Climate Change and Community Based Adaptation Planning Training Manual, Government of Nepal (2015)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | ==== [[Peru]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Amenaza (en inglés hazard): Manifestación física del cambio climático, incluida su variabilidad. <ref>[http://cambioclimatico.minam.gob.pe/que-queremos-saber/glosario-y-acronimos/ Portal de Cambio Climático]</ref>}}Es un evento físico que puede representar un peligro para un sistema. Las amenazas incluyen los acontecimientos extremos temporarios como las sequías, las precipitaciones intensas (muchas veces asociadas a las inundaciones), los vendavales, las marejadas ciclónicas, el calor extremo y los cambios efectivamente irreversibles y a más largo plazo, como la desecación climática, el aumento del nivel del mar, el colapso de los sistemas ecológicos inducido por el clima, la pérdida de recursos hídricos (p. ej., los asociados con los glaciares), y los cambios en los niveles del agua subterránea. Otras amenazas “indirectas” del cambio climático pueden incluir los cambios en la distribución de pestes o enfermedades, y las reducciones de los recursos naturales (UNDP, 2009b). <br /><br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{definition|Peligro: probabilidad de que un fenómeno físico, potencialmente dañino, de origen natural o inducido por la acción humana, se presente en un lugar específico con una cierta intensidad y en un periodo de tiempo y frecuencia definidos. <ref>[http://dimse.cenepred.gob.pe/simse/cenepred/docs/glosario-terminos-grd-cenepred.pdf El Centro Nacional de Estimación, Prevención y Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres - CENEPRED, Glosario de Términos, Peru]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[Republic of Trinidad & Tobago]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic [[disruption]], or environmental [[damage]]. <ref>[http://www.odpm.gov.tt/sites/default/files/Comprehensive%20Disaster%20Management%20Policy%20Framework%20for%20Trinidad%20and%20Tobago.pdf Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago]</ref>}} <br /> | ||
+ | ==== [[Saint Lucia]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard: Natural or man-made occurrences that pose a threat to people, property and the environment and are capable of causing a disaster. <ref>[http://archive.stlucia.gov.lc/nemp/policies/DMPolicyFramework.pdf Government of Saint Lucia Disaster Management Policy Framework for Saint Lucia, 2004]</ref>}}Hazards include earthquakes, fire, explosion, chemical spillage, flood, epidemics, hurricanes, landslide, storm surge, tidal wave or volcanic eruption. <br/><br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====[[Singapore]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|An [[event]] or physical condition that has the potential to cause harm or loss. <ref>Singapore Standard SS 540: 2008 on Business Continuity</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[Slovakia]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Ohrozenie: Stav systému, ktorý vzniká a trvá v dôsledku existencie a uvedomenia si potenciálneho narušenia jeho rovnovážneho stavu. Je to aktivizované riziko, ktoré pôsobí proti záujmom subjektu, a konkrétnej situácie, ktoré bezprostredne znemožňujú naplnenie jeho záujmov. <ref>[http://archiv.vlada.gov.sk/old.uv/data/files/2365.doc BEZPEČNOSTNÁ RADA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | ==== [[South Africa]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|A hazard can be defined as a potentially damaging physical event, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Typical examples of hazards can be absence of rain (leading to drought) or the abundance thereof (leading to floods). Chemical manufacturing plants near settlements and incorrect agricultural techniques, can also been seen as hazards which could lead to possible disasters. Hazards can be the creation of man or the environment. <ref>[https://www.westerncape.gov.za/general-publication/disaster-management-definitions Disaster Management Definitions Western Cape Government]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[Switzerland]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Zustand oder Vorgang, aus dem ein Schaden an einem Schutzgut entstehen kann. <ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/gefaehrdungen-risiken.parsysrelated1.62085.downloadList.63404.DownloadFile.tmp/20130422glossarde.pdf Glossar der Risikobegriffe, Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz BABS, 29.4.2013]</ref><br/><br/>Etat ou processus dont peut découler un dommage à un bien digne de protection. <ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/fr/home/themen/gefaehrdungen-risiken.parsysrelated1.83210.downloadList.55257.DownloadFile.tmp/20130422glossarfr.pdf Glossaire des risques, Office fédéral de la protection de la population, 29.4.2013]</ref><br/><br/> Stato o avvenimento che può causare danni a un bene degno di protezione. <ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/it/home/themen/gefaehrdungen-risiken.parsysrelated1.49227.downloadList.52339.DownloadFile.tmp/20130422glossarit.pdf Glossario sui rischi, Ufficio federale della protezione della popolazione UFPP, 29.4.2013]</ref>}} <br/> | ||
+ | ==== [[Tanzania]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard: means an event with a potential for human injury, damage to property, damage to the environment, or some combination thereof. <ref>[http://www.vpo.go.tz/modules/environment/index.php%3Faction%3Ddownloadfile%26filename%3DGUIDELINES%2520FOR%2520MANAGEMENT%2520OF%2520ENVIRONMENTAL%2520EMERGENCIES.pdf%26directory%3D7.Guidelines United Republic of Tanzania Guidelines for Management of Environmental Emergencies 2014]</ref>}}<br/><br /> | ||
+ | ==== [[Tonga]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazards: An event, activity or phenomenon that has the potential to cause harm to life, health or property, damage to the environment or some combination of these. <ref>[https://www.climatechange.gov.to/glossary/letter_a Tonga climate change ministry glossary]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom (UK)]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is an accidental or naturally occurring (i.e. non-malicious) [[event]] or situation with the potential to cause death or physical or psychological [[harm]], [[damage]] or losses to property, and/or [[disruption]] to the environment and/or to economic, social and political structures. <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/61046/EP_Glossary_amends_18042012_0.pdf Glossary - Revision to Emergency Preparedness, Cabinet Office (2012)]</ref>}} <br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is a situation or event which could cause harm. <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/209866/pb13942-nap-20130701.pdf The National Adaptation Programme: Making the country resilient to a changing climate, UK Government (2013)]</ref>}}Note: A hazard does not necessarily cause harm.<br /><br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[United States]] ==== | ||
+ | ===== [[DHS]] ===== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is a natural or manmade source or cause of [[harm]] or difficulty. <ref> [http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/dhs-risk-lexicon-2010.pdf DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010]</ref>}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== [[DoD]] ===== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard: Any real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness, or death to personnel; damage to or loss of a system, equipment or property; or damage to the environment. <ref>DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD PRACTICE FOR SYSTEM SAFETY, MIL-STD-882D (2000)</ref>}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== NIMS ===== | ||
+ | {{definition|Something that is potentially dangerous or harmful, often the root cause of an unwanted outcome. <ref> [http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/NIMS_core.pdf National Incident Management Plan (core)]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Other Definitions=== | ||
+ | ==== [[EM-DAT]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is a threatening event, or probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area. <ref name="EM_DAT">[http://www.emdat.be/glossary/9 EM-DAT disaster database glossary]</ref>}}Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. <br /><br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== [[Ontario]] ([[Canada]]) ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is a phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. <ref name="Ontario">[https://www.emergencymanagementontario.ca/english/emcommunity/response_resources/GlossaryOfTerms/glossary_of_terms.html Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms ]</ref>}} | ||
+ | These may include natural, technological or human-caused incidents or some combination of these.<br /> | ||
+ | {{definition|Danger ou aléa: phénomène, substance, activité humaine ou condition pouvant causer des pertes de vies humaines, des blessures ou d’autres effets sur la santé, des dommages matériels, des pertes de moyens de subsistance et de services, des perturbations socio-économiques ou des dommages à l’environnement. <ref name="Ontario">[https://www.emergencymanagementontario.ca/english/emcommunity/response_resources/GlossaryOfTerms/glossary_of_terms.html Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms ]</ref>}} | ||
+ | Ces dangers peuvent être d’origine naturelle, technologique ou humaine, ou une combinaison de ces facteurs.<br /> | ||
===Standard Definition=== | ===Standard Definition=== | ||
− | {{definition|Source of potential harm <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=44651 ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary]</ref>}} | + | ==== [[IEC]] ==== |
− | {{definition| Possible source of danger, or conditions physical or operational, that have a capacity to produce a particular type of adverse effects <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=50295 ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.]</ref>}} | + | {{definition|Hazard is a potential source of harm. <ref name=IEV>[http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-57-01 IEC IEV 351-57-01]</ref>}}<br/> |
+ | {{definition|Phénomène dangereux: source potentielle de dommage. <ref name=IEV>[http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-57-01 IEC IEV 351-57-01]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | ====ISA==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Hazard is a system state or set of conditions that, together with a particular set of related environmental conditions, will lead to an [[accident]] (loss). <ref>ISA WG7; IEC 61784-3-18 (2011-04)</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====[[ISO|ISO 73:2009]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Source of potential [[harm]]. <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=44651 ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | ====[[ISO|ISO/PAS 22399:2007]] / [[ISO|ISO 22300:2012(en)]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition| Possible source of [[danger]], or conditions physical or operational, that have a capacity to produce a particular type of adverse effects. <ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=50295 ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
== Discussion == | == Discussion == | ||
Line 24: | Line 139: | ||
<big>Since the terms ''[[Threat]]'' and ''[[Hazard]]'' present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of [[CIPedia©_Main_Page|CIPedia©]]. | <big>Since the terms ''[[Threat]]'' and ''[[Hazard]]'' present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of [[CIPedia©_Main_Page|CIPedia©]]. | ||
− | '''Example''': The weather report indicated that a flood ''[[threat]]''/''[[hazard]]'' would be emerging. Shortly | + | '''Example''': The weather report indicated that a flood ''[[threat]]''/''[[hazard]]'' would be emerging. Shortly thereafter, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding [[incident]] along the Elbe. As [[impact|impacts]] of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect [[impact|impacts]] were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The [[consequence|consequences]] of the flooding [[incident|incidents]] were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production. |
− | The last sentence shows that [[cascading | + | The last sentence shows that [[cascading effect]]s need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a [[mitigation]] action to prevent further [[harm]] (to people, to a [[Critical Infrastructure]], to economy).</big> |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Biological Hazard]] | * [[Biological Hazard]] | ||
+ | * [[Climate Hazard]] | ||
* [[Geological Hazard]] | * [[Geological Hazard]] | ||
* [[Hydrometeorological Hazard]] | * [[Hydrometeorological Hazard]] | ||
Line 37: | Line 153: | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
− | |||
− | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | + | <references /> | |
− | [[Category:Threat]] | + | [[Category:Threat]][[Category:CIPRNet-Glossary]] |
+ | {{#set:defined by=Council of Europe|defined by=EU|defined by=UNISDR|defined by=UNDHA|defined by=EM-DAT|defined by=IPCC|defined by=Australia|defined by=Canada|defined by=Chile|defined by=El Salvador|defined by=Finland|defined by=Germany|defined by=India|defined by=Ireland|defined by=Italy|defined by= Madagascar|defined by=Nepal|defined by=Peru|defined by=Republic of Trinidad & Tobago|defined by=Saint Lucia|defined by=Singapore|defined by=Slovakia|defined by=South Africa|defined by=Switzerland|defined by=Tanzania|defined by=Tonga|defined by=United Kingdom|defined by=United States|defined by=DoD|defined by=ISO|defined by=Ontario|defined by=Caricom|defined by=EU-project|defined by=IEC|defined by=WHO|defined by=New South Wales}} | ||
+ | {{#set: Showmainpage=Yes}} |
Latest revision as of 13:53, 15 August 2022
Hazard | Gefährdung | Peligro | Vaara | Rischio potenziale | ハザード | Zagrożenie | Perigo | 危险
The definitions of the terms "Hazard" and "Threat" are very similar, so maybe the terms do not need to be distinguished. A usage example of the above terms is presented on the discussion section of the current entry.
Contents
- 1 Definitions
- 1.1 European Definitions
- 1.2 European Project Definitions
- 1.3 Other International Definitions
- 1.4 National Definitions
- 1.4.1 Australia
- 1.4.2 Canada
- 1.4.3 Chile
- 1.4.4 El Salvador
- 1.4.5 Finland
- 1.4.6 Germany
- 1.4.7 India
- 1.4.8 Ireland
- 1.4.9 Italy
- 1.4.10 Madagascar
- 1.4.11 Nepal
- 1.4.12 Peru
- 1.4.13 Republic of Trinidad & Tobago
- 1.4.14 Saint Lucia
- 1.4.15 Singapore
- 1.4.16 Slovakia
- 1.4.17 South Africa
- 1.4.18 Switzerland
- 1.4.19 Tanzania
- 1.4.20 Tonga
- 1.4.21 United Kingdom (UK)
- 1.4.22 United States
- 1.5 Other Definitions
- 1.6 Standard Definition
- 2 Discussion
- 3 See also
- 4 Notes
- 5 References
Definitions
European Definitions
Council of Europe
EU
EU JRC
A situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment.
European Project Definitions
CIPRNet project
The CIPRNet project [4] uses the following definition:
Other International Definitions
CARICOM
IPCC
UNDRR
The hazards of concern to disaster risk reduction as stated in footnote 3 of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)[8] are “… hazards of natural origin and related environmental and technological hazards and risks.” Such hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources, sometimes acting in combination. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis.
پديده، عنصر، فعاليت انساني و يا وضعيتي خطرناك كه ممكن است آسيب جاني، جراحت ها و يا سايرتاثيرات
سلامتي، آسيب به دارايي ها، آسيب به معيشت ها و خدمات، درهم گسيختگي اجتماعي و اقتصادي و ي
آسيب هاي زيست محيطي را به همراه داشته و سبب گردد را شامل مي شود.
UNDHA
WHO
National Definitions
Australia
New South Wales
Canada
Phénomène, événement physique ou activité humaine susceptible d’occasionner des pertes en vies humaines ou des blessures, des dommages aux biens, des perturbations sociales et économiques ou une degradation de l’environnement. [22] [23]
Chile
Se expresa como la probabilidad de que fenómeno se presente con una cierta intensidad, en un sitio especifico y dentro de un periodo de tiempo definido.
El Salvador
Es un factor de riesgo externo de un elemento o grupo de elementos expuestos, que se expresa como la probabilidad de que un evento se presente con una cierta intensidad, en un sitio especifico y en dentro de un periodo de tiempo definido.
Finland
Hazard: very probably realising or already realised, presently influencing harmful event or development. -unofficial translation- [26]
Germany
India
Ireland
Italy
Madagascar
Dans de nombreux cas, ces dégâts peuvent être anticipés et estimés
Nepal
Peru
Es un evento físico que puede representar un peligro para un sistema. Las amenazas incluyen los acontecimientos extremos temporarios como las sequías, las precipitaciones intensas (muchas veces asociadas a las inundaciones), los vendavales, las marejadas ciclónicas, el calor extremo y los cambios efectivamente irreversibles y a más largo plazo, como la desecación climática, el aumento del nivel del mar, el colapso de los sistemas ecológicos inducido por el clima, la pérdida de recursos hídricos (p. ej., los asociados con los glaciares), y los cambios en los niveles del agua subterránea. Otras amenazas “indirectas” del cambio climático pueden incluir los cambios en la distribución de pestes o enfermedades, y las reducciones de los recursos naturales (UNDP, 2009b).
Republic of Trinidad & Tobago
Saint Lucia
Hazards include earthquakes, fire, explosion, chemical spillage, flood, epidemics, hurricanes, landslide, storm surge, tidal wave or volcanic eruption.
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
Switzerland
Etat ou processus dont peut découler un dommage à un bien digne de protection. [41]
Stato o avvenimento che può causare danni a un bene degno di protezione. [42]
Tanzania
Tonga
United Kingdom (UK)
Note: A hazard does not necessarily cause harm.
United States
DHS
DoD
NIMS
Other Definitions
EM-DAT
Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins.
Ontario (Canada)
These may include natural, technological or human-caused incidents or some combination of these.
Ces dangers peuvent être d’origine naturelle, technologique ou humaine, ou une combinaison de ces facteurs.
Standard Definition
IEC
ISA
ISO 73:2009
ISO/PAS 22399:2007 / ISO 22300:2012(en)
Discussion
Since the terms Threat and Hazard present significant similarities, a usage example is presented below in order to link the two terms with rlated entries of CIPedia©.
Example: The weather report indicated that a flood threat/hazard would be emerging. Shortly thereafter, an extreme weather event occurred, bringing heavy rainfall. This led to a flooding incident along the Elbe. As impacts of the flood, a bridge collapsed because it was damaged by the flood, a dike broke and a flooded purification plant ceased operation. Indirect impacts were the interruption of road and rail traffic across the bridge, water transport blocked by the collapsed bridge and production of drinking water along the banks of the Elbe had to be stopped. The consequences of the flooding incidents were: Seven casualties, an economical damage of 67 Million Euros, and 50 square kilometres of polluted agricultural area. The flooding incident at the Elbe led to several cascading effects of CI. The collapsed bridge affected the road, rail, and water transport in the area. The pollution due to the purification plant led to an interruption of drinking water production.
The last sentence shows that cascading effects need not result from damage, but can be a shutdown as a mitigation action to prevent further harm (to people, to a Critical Infrastructure, to economy).
See also
- Biological Hazard
- Climate Hazard
- Geological Hazard
- Hydrometeorological Hazard
- Natural Hazard
- Socio-natural Hazard
- Technological Hazard
Notes
References
- ↑ GLOSSAIRE MULTILINGUE DE LA GESTION DU RISQUE pour usagers francophones (2007)/European Centre of Technological Safety (TESEC) - TESEC-EUR-OPA 2001)
- ↑ European Commission's CBRN Glossary, 2012
- ↑ Definition of an assessment framework for projects of common interest in the field of smart grids, 2014
- ↑ http://www.ciprnet.eu/
- ↑ Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) Regional Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy and Results Framework 2014-2024
- ↑ IPCC
- ↑ 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction
- ↑ Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
- ↑ UNISDR glossary
- ↑ UNISDR glossary
- ↑ UNISDR glossary
- ↑ UNISDR glossary
- ↑ UNISDR glossary in Bahasa
- ↑ UNISDR glossary in Malay
- ↑ Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management in Farsi
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to Disaster Management
- ↑ WHO: Glossary of Humanitarian Terms
- ↑ Protective Security Policy Framework - Glossary Oct 2017
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Australian Emergency Management Glossary, Emergency Management Australia (1998)
- ↑ Health impacts of climate change: Adaptation strategies for western Australia (2008)
- ↑ NSW Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy Partner, Prepare, Provide (2018)
- ↑ An Emergency Management Framework for Canada (Second Edition)
- ↑ Vocabulaire de la gestion des urgencies/Emergency Management Emergency Management Vocabulary 281 (2012)
- ↑ GUÍA ANÁLISIS DE RIESGOS NATURALES PARA EL ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Regional y Administrativo (SUBDERE) Primera Edición, Junio 2011
- ↑ Glosario de Riesgo, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, El Salvador
- ↑ Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)
- ↑ Protection of Critical Infrastructures – Baseline Protection Concept: Recommendation for Companies, BMI.
- ↑ National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)- (2016)
- ↑ A FRAMEWORK FOR MAJOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (APPENDICES)
- ↑ Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Glossario
- ↑ Stratégie Nationale de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes – Madagascar (2014)
- ↑ Climate Change and Community Based Adaptation Planning Training Manual, Government of Nepal (2015)
- ↑ Portal de Cambio Climático
- ↑ El Centro Nacional de Estimación, Prevención y Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres - CENEPRED, Glosario de Términos, Peru
- ↑ Comprehensive Disaster Management Policy Framework for Trinidad and Tobago
- ↑ Government of Saint Lucia Disaster Management Policy Framework for Saint Lucia, 2004
- ↑ Singapore Standard SS 540: 2008 on Business Continuity
- ↑ BEZPEČNOSTNÁ RADA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY
- ↑ Disaster Management Definitions Western Cape Government
- ↑ Glossar der Risikobegriffe, Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz BABS, 29.4.2013
- ↑ Glossaire des risques, Office fédéral de la protection de la population, 29.4.2013
- ↑ Glossario sui rischi, Ufficio federale della protezione della popolazione UFPP, 29.4.2013
- ↑ United Republic of Tanzania Guidelines for Management of Environmental Emergencies 2014
- ↑ Tonga climate change ministry glossary
- ↑ Glossary - Revision to Emergency Preparedness, Cabinet Office (2012)
- ↑ The National Adaptation Programme: Making the country resilient to a changing climate, UK Government (2013)
- ↑ DHS Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition, September 2010
- ↑ DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD PRACTICE FOR SYSTEM SAFETY, MIL-STD-882D (2000)
- ↑ National Incident Management Plan (core)
- ↑ EM-DAT disaster database glossary
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Province of Ontario’s Emergency Management Glossary of Terms
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 IEC IEV 351-57-01
- ↑ ISA WG7; IEC 61784-3-18 (2011-04)
- ↑ ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management -- Vocabulary
- ↑ ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Societal security - Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management.