Difference between revisions of "Cyberspace"
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==== [[Albania]] ==== | ==== [[Albania]] ==== | ||
{{definition|Hapësirë kibernetike – konsiderohet hapësira virtuale globale e të gjithë sistemeve të informacionit dhe të komunikimit të ndërlidhur në nivel të dhënash. <ref>[http://www.cirt.gov.al/images/dokumenta/Dokumenti%20i%20Politikave%20per%20Sigurine%20Kibernetike%202015-2017.pdf Dokumenti i Politikave për Sigurinë Kibernetike 2015 - 2017]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition|Hapësirë kibernetike – konsiderohet hapësira virtuale globale e të gjithë sistemeve të informacionit dhe të komunikimit të ndërlidhur në nivel të dhënash. <ref>[http://www.cirt.gov.al/images/dokumenta/Dokumenti%20i%20Politikave%20per%20Sigurine%20Kibernetike%202015-2017.pdf Dokumenti i Politikave për Sigurinë Kibernetike 2015 - 2017]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | {{definition|“Cyber Space” – means the digital environment capable of creating, processing and processing exchange information generated by systems, information society services, as well and electronic communication networks. <ref>[https://ere.gov.al/doc/Cyber_Security_Regulation_30082020.pdf ENERGY REGULATOR AUTHORITY REGULATION ON CYBER SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE POWER SECTOR ]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
+ | |||
==== [[Australia]] ==== | ==== [[Australia]] ==== | ||
{{definition|Cyberspace: the environment formed by physical and non-physical components to store, modify, and exchange data using computer networks. <ref>[https://www.staysmartonline.gov.au/glossary on-line glossary Stay Safe On-line]</ref>}}<br /><br/> | {{definition|Cyberspace: the environment formed by physical and non-physical components to store, modify, and exchange data using computer networks. <ref>[https://www.staysmartonline.gov.au/glossary on-line glossary Stay Safe On-line]</ref>}}<br /><br/> | ||
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{{definition|Cyberspace is de globale omgeving die ontstaat door de interconnectie van informative- en communicatiesystemen. <ref>[https://www.b-ccentre.be/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/cybersecustra_nl.pdf Cyber Security Strategy.be] </ref><br/><br/>Le Cyberespace est l'environment global né de l'interconnexion des systèmes d'information et de communication. <ref>[https://www.b-ccentre.be/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/cybersecustra_fr.pdf Cyber Security Strategy.be (2012)]</ref>}} | {{definition|Cyberspace is de globale omgeving die ontstaat door de interconnectie van informative- en communicatiesystemen. <ref>[https://www.b-ccentre.be/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/cybersecustra_nl.pdf Cyber Security Strategy.be] </ref><br/><br/>Le Cyberespace est l'environment global né de l'interconnexion des systèmes d'information et de communication. <ref>[https://www.b-ccentre.be/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/cybersecustra_fr.pdf Cyber Security Strategy.be (2012)]</ref>}} | ||
Cyberspace is ruimer dan de informaticawereld en omvat eveneens de fysieke en virtuele computernetwerken, computersystemen, digitale media en digitale gegevens.<br /> | Cyberspace is ruimer dan de informaticawereld en omvat eveneens de fysieke en virtuele computernetwerken, computersystemen, digitale media en digitale gegevens.<br /> | ||
+ | ==== [[Bermuda]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Cyberspace: the online world of computer networks and especially the Internet. <ref>[https://www.gov.bm/sites/default/files/10999-National-Cybersecurity-Strategy.pdf National Cyber Security Strategy 2018-2022]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
==== [[Bulgaria]] ==== | ==== [[Bulgaria]] ==== | ||
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{{definition|Entorno digital: Ambiente, tanto físico como virtual sobre el cual se soporta la economía digital. Siendo esta última la economía basada en tecnologías, cuyo desarrollo y despliegue se produce en un ecosistema caracterizado por la creciente y acelerada convergencia entre diversas tecnologías, que se concreta en redes de comunicación, equipos de hardware, servicios de procesamiento y tecnologías web. <ref>[https://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%C3%B3micos/3854.pdf Conpes 3854 POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SEGURIDAD DIGITAL (2016)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | {{definition|Entorno digital: Ambiente, tanto físico como virtual sobre el cual se soporta la economía digital. Siendo esta última la economía basada en tecnologías, cuyo desarrollo y despliegue se produce en un ecosistema caracterizado por la creciente y acelerada convergencia entre diversas tecnologías, que se concreta en redes de comunicación, equipos de hardware, servicios de procesamiento y tecnologías web. <ref>[https://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%C3%B3micos/3854.pdf Conpes 3854 POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SEGURIDAD DIGITAL (2016)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
==== [[Costa Rica]] ==== | ==== [[Costa Rica]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Ciberespacio: Es el entorno complejo resultante de la interacción de personas, software y servicios en Internet a través de dispositivos tecnológicos y redes conectadas a él, que no existe en ninguna forma física. <ref>[https://micitt.go.cr/sites/default/files/2023-11/NCS%20Costa%20Rica%20-%2010Nov2023%20SPA.pdf Estrategia Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Costa Rica (2023-2027) ]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
{{definition|Ciberespacio: Entorno complejo resultante de la interacción de personas, software y servicios en el internet por medio de dispositivos tecnológicos y redes conectadas a este, que no existe en forma física. <ref>[https://micit.go.cr/images/imagenes_noticias/10-11-2017__Ciberseguridad/Estrategia-Nacional-de-Ciberseguridad-de-Costa-Rica-11-10-17.pdf Estrategia Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Costa Rica (2017)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | {{definition|Ciberespacio: Entorno complejo resultante de la interacción de personas, software y servicios en el internet por medio de dispositivos tecnológicos y redes conectadas a este, que no existe en forma física. <ref>[https://micit.go.cr/images/imagenes_noticias/10-11-2017__Ciberseguridad/Estrategia-Nacional-de-Ciberseguridad-de-Costa-Rica-11-10-17.pdf Estrategia Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Costa Rica (2017)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
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==== [[Dubai]] ==== | ==== [[Dubai]] ==== | ||
{{definition|Cyber space is a shared space where communications and information exchange take place on the global level. <ref>[http://csc.dubai.ae/res/wp-content/uploads/DCSS-EN.pdf Dubai Cyber Security Strategy (2017)]</ref> <ref>[http://csc.dubai.ae/res/wp-content/uploads/DCSS-AR.pdf استراتيجية دبي للأمن الإلكتروني(Dubai Cyber Security Strategy - Arab version) (2017)]</ref>}}يضم الفضاء الإلكتروني مزودي الاتصالات وخدمات الإنترنت والمؤسسات التي تقوم بتطوير البرمجيات والأجهزة الرقمية وتقديم ا ما تكون من القطاع الخاص أو الخدمات عبر الإنترنت والتي غالب المؤسسات شبه الحكومية، ويجب أمن هذا الفضاء، وكذلك المؤسسات المصنفة ضمن برنامج حماية | {{definition|Cyber space is a shared space where communications and information exchange take place on the global level. <ref>[http://csc.dubai.ae/res/wp-content/uploads/DCSS-EN.pdf Dubai Cyber Security Strategy (2017)]</ref> <ref>[http://csc.dubai.ae/res/wp-content/uploads/DCSS-AR.pdf استراتيجية دبي للأمن الإلكتروني(Dubai Cyber Security Strategy - Arab version) (2017)]</ref>}}يضم الفضاء الإلكتروني مزودي الاتصالات وخدمات الإنترنت والمؤسسات التي تقوم بتطوير البرمجيات والأجهزة الرقمية وتقديم ا ما تكون من القطاع الخاص أو الخدمات عبر الإنترنت والتي غالب المؤسسات شبه الحكومية، ويجب أمن هذا الفضاء، وكذلك المؤسسات المصنفة ضمن برنامج حماية | ||
+ | <br/> | ||
+ | ====[[Eswatini]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Cyberspace: The interdependent network of IT infrastructures including internet connected devices, computer systems, telecommunications networks, and the Internet. <ref>[https://ncsirt.org.sz/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Eswatini-NCS-2020.pdf ESWATINI NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY STRATEGY 2020 - 2025 (2020)]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | ====[[Ethiopia]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Cyberspace means a virtual space that comprises interconnected information, information infrastructure, information systems, and human resource that turns information into knowledge and use it, and the institutional and social culture. <ref>[https://www.insa.gov.et/documents/20124 (DRAFT) The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia National Cyber Security Policy and Strategy (2021)]</ref>}} | ||
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{{definition|Cyberespace: Ensemble de données numérisées constituant un univers d’information et un milieu de communication, lié à l’interconnexion mondiale des ordinateurs. <ref>[http://www.dgssi.gov.ma/dgssi_assets/user_upload/STRATEGIE_NATIONALE.pdf STRATEGIE NATIONALE EN MATIERE DE CYBERSECURITE, Morocco, 2011]</ref><br/><br/>Cyberspace: A set of digitized data constituting an information universe and a communication medium, linked to the global interconnection of computers.}}<br /><br/> | {{definition|Cyberespace: Ensemble de données numérisées constituant un univers d’information et un milieu de communication, lié à l’interconnexion mondiale des ordinateurs. <ref>[http://www.dgssi.gov.ma/dgssi_assets/user_upload/STRATEGIE_NATIONALE.pdf STRATEGIE NATIONALE EN MATIERE DE CYBERSECURITE, Morocco, 2011]</ref><br/><br/>Cyberspace: A set of digitized data constituting an information universe and a communication medium, linked to the global interconnection of computers.}}<br /><br/> | ||
====[[Mozambique]]==== | ====[[Mozambique]]==== | ||
− | {{definition|O termo ciberespaço descreve sistemas e serviços conectados, direta ou indiretamente, à Internet, telecomunicações e redes de computadores. <ref>[http://www.oam.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Draft_National_Cyber_Security_Strategy_Mozambique_PT_GT_24052017FINAL.pdf Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Cibernética de Moçambique (2017 - 2021)]</ref>}}<br /> | + | {{definition|Ciberespaço: espaço de comunicação aberto pela interconexão de computadores e das memórias dos computadores a nível mundial. <ref>[https://cta.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Estrategia-Nacional-de-Seguranca-Ciberneticas.pdf Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Cibernética de Moçambique (2021-2024)]</ref>}}<br/> |
+ | {{definition|Ciberespaço: O termo ciberespaço descreve sistemas e serviços conectados, direta ou indiretamente, à Internet, telecomunicações e redes de computadores. <ref>[http://www.oam.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Draft_National_Cyber_Security_Strategy_Mozambique_PT_GT_24052017FINAL.pdf Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Cibernética de Moçambique (2017 - 2021)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
==== [[Netherlands]] ==== | ==== [[Netherlands]] ==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Digitale ruimte: de complexe omgeving die het resultaat is van onderling verweven digitale processen, ondersteund door wereldwijd gedistribueerde fysieke informatie- en communicatietechnologie (ICT-)apparaten en verbonden netwerken. <ref>[https://www.nctv.nl/binaries/nctv/documenten/publicaties/2023/07/03/cybersecuritybeeld-nederland-2023/Cybersecuritybeeld+Nederland+2023.pdf Cybersecuritybeeld Nederland 2023]</ref>}}De digitale ruimte wordt vanuit drie invalshoeken of lagen benaderd: 1) digitale processen uitgevoerd (of in gang gezet) door mensen; 2) de technische laag (van IT en OT) die de digitale processen mogelijk maakt; 3) de risicomanagement- en/of governance laag die de twee andere lagen bestuurt.<br/><br/> | ||
{{definition|The digital domain is the conglomerate of ICT tools and services and comprises all entities that can be or are digitally linked. <ref name=NL>[https://www.ncsc.nl/binaries/content/documents/ncsc-en/current-topics/national-cyber-security-strategy/1/National%2BCyber%2BSecurity%2BStrategy%2B2.pdf National Cyber Security Strategy 2 (2013)]</ref>}} | {{definition|The digital domain is the conglomerate of ICT tools and services and comprises all entities that can be or are digitally linked. <ref name=NL>[https://www.ncsc.nl/binaries/content/documents/ncsc-en/current-topics/national-cyber-security-strategy/1/National%2BCyber%2BSecurity%2BStrategy%2B2.pdf National Cyber Security Strategy 2 (2013)]</ref>}} | ||
The domain comprises both permanent, temporary or local connections, as well as information, such as data and programme codes, located in this domain where geographical limitations do not apply. <br/><br/> | The domain comprises both permanent, temporary or local connections, as well as information, such as data and programme codes, located in this domain where geographical limitations do not apply. <br/><br/> | ||
{{definition|Het cyberdomein is het conglomeraat van ICT-middelen en -diensten en bevat alle entiteiten die digitaal verbonden (kunnen) zijn. <ref name=NL>[https://www.ncsc.nl/binaries/content/documents/ncsc-en/current-topics/national-cyber-security-strategy/1/National%2BCyber%2BSecurity%2BStrategy%2B2.pdf National Cyber Security Strategy 2 (2013)]</ref>}} | {{definition|Het cyberdomein is het conglomeraat van ICT-middelen en -diensten en bevat alle entiteiten die digitaal verbonden (kunnen) zijn. <ref name=NL>[https://www.ncsc.nl/binaries/content/documents/ncsc-en/current-topics/national-cyber-security-strategy/1/National%2BCyber%2BSecurity%2BStrategy%2B2.pdf National Cyber Security Strategy 2 (2013)]</ref>}} | ||
Het domein omvat zowel permanente als tijdelijke of plaatselijke verbindingen, evenals de gegevens (o.a. data, programmacode, informatie) die zich in dit domein bevinden, waarbij geen geografische beperkingen zijn gesteld.<br/><br/> | Het domein omvat zowel permanente als tijdelijke of plaatselijke verbindingen, evenals de gegevens (o.a. data, programmacode, informatie) die zich in dit domein bevinden, waarbij geen geografische beperkingen zijn gesteld.<br/><br/> | ||
− | {{definition|Digitale ruimte: de digitale ruimte is de complexe omgeving die het resultaat is van de interactie tussen mensen, software en diensten op het internet, ondersteund door wereldwijd gedistribueerde fysieke informatie- en communicatietechnologie (ICT) -apparaten en verbonden netwerken (from ISO/IEC 27032:2012). De digitale ruimte wordt ook wel omschreven als het ‘digitale domein’ of ‘cyberspace’. <ref>[https://www.ncsc.nl/binaries/ncsc/documenten/publicaties/2020/juni/29/csbn-2020/CSBN+2020.pdf Cyber Security Beeld Nederland 2020]</ref>}}<br/> | + | {{definition|Digitale ruimte: de digitale ruimte is de complexe omgeving die het resultaat is van de interactie tussen mensen, software en diensten op het internet, ondersteund door wereldwijd gedistribueerde fysieke informatie- en communicatietechnologie (ICT) -apparaten en verbonden netwerken (from ISO/IEC 27032:2012). De digitale ruimte wordt ook wel omschreven als het ‘digitale domein’ of ‘cyberspace’. <ref>[https://www.nctv.nl/binaries/nctv/documenten/publicaties/2022/10/10/nederlandse-cybersecuritystrategie-2022-2028/Nederlandse+Cybersecuritystrategie+2022-2028.pdf Nederlandse Cybersecurity Strategie 2022-2028: Ambities en acties voor een digitaal veilige samenleving]</ref><ref>[https://www.ncsc.nl/binaries/ncsc/documenten/publicaties/2020/juni/29/csbn-2020/CSBN+2020.pdf Cyber Security Beeld Nederland 2020]</ref>}}<br/> |
==== [[New Zealand]] ==== | ==== [[New Zealand]] ==== | ||
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{{definition|Cyberspace: The entirety of information and communication infrastructures (hardware and software) that exchange, collect, store or process data or convert data into (physical) actions, and the interactions between individuals, organisations and states made possible as a result. <ref>[https://www.isb.admin.ch/dam/isb/en/dokumente/ikt-vorgaben/strategien/ncs/Nationale_Strategie_Schutz_Schweiz_vor_Cyber-Risiken_NCS_2018-22_EN.pdf.download.pdf SN002 - National strategy for Switzerland’s protection against cyber risks (NCS) 2018-2022 (2018)]</ref><br/><br/>Cyber-Raum: Gesamtheit der Informations- und Kommunikationsinfrastrukturen (Hard- und Software), die untereinander Daten austauschen, diese erfassen, speichern, verarbeiten oder in (physische) Aktionen umwandeln, und der dadurch ermöglichten Interaktionen zwischen Personen, Organisationen und Staaten. <ref>[https://www.isb.admin.ch/dam/isb/de/dokumente/ikt-vorgaben/strategien/ncs/Nationale_Strategie_Schutz_Schweiz_vor_Cyber-Risiken_NCS_2018-22_DE.pdf.download.pdf SN002 - Nationale Strategie zum Schutz der Schweiz vor Cyber-Risiken (NCS) 2018-2022 (2018)]</ref><br/><br/>Cyberespace: Ensemble des infrastructures d’information et de communication (matériel et logiciel) qui échangent, créent, enregistrent et traitent des données ou transforment celles-ci en actions (physiques) ainsi que toutes les interactions permises par ces infrastructures entre des personnes, des organisations et des États. <ref>[https://www.isb.admin.ch/dam/isb/fr/dokumente/ikt-vorgaben/strategien/ncs/Nationale_Strategie_Schutz_Schweiz_vor_Cyber-Risiken_NCS_2018-22_FR.pdf.download.pdf SN002 - Stratégie nationale de protection de la Suisse contre les cyberrisques (SNPC) 2018-2022 (2018)]</ref><br/><br/>Cyberspazio: Comprende tutte le infrastrutture informatiche e per le comunicazioni (hardware e software) che consentono di scambiare, rilevare, memorizzare, elaborare dati oppure di convertirli in azioni (fisiche) e tutte le possibili interazioni che ne derivano tra persone, organizzazioni e Stati. <ref>[https://www.isb.admin.ch/dam/isb/it/dokumente/ikt-vorgaben/strategien/ncs/Nationale_Strategie_Schutz_Schweiz_vor_Cyber-Risiken_NCS_2018-22_IT.pdf.download.pdf SN002 - Strategia nazionale per la protezione della Svizzera contro i cyber-rischi (SNPC) 2018-2022 (2018)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | {{definition|Cyberspace: The entirety of information and communication infrastructures (hardware and software) that exchange, collect, store or process data or convert data into (physical) actions, and the interactions between individuals, organisations and states made possible as a result. <ref>[https://www.isb.admin.ch/dam/isb/en/dokumente/ikt-vorgaben/strategien/ncs/Nationale_Strategie_Schutz_Schweiz_vor_Cyber-Risiken_NCS_2018-22_EN.pdf.download.pdf SN002 - National strategy for Switzerland’s protection against cyber risks (NCS) 2018-2022 (2018)]</ref><br/><br/>Cyber-Raum: Gesamtheit der Informations- und Kommunikationsinfrastrukturen (Hard- und Software), die untereinander Daten austauschen, diese erfassen, speichern, verarbeiten oder in (physische) Aktionen umwandeln, und der dadurch ermöglichten Interaktionen zwischen Personen, Organisationen und Staaten. <ref>[https://www.isb.admin.ch/dam/isb/de/dokumente/ikt-vorgaben/strategien/ncs/Nationale_Strategie_Schutz_Schweiz_vor_Cyber-Risiken_NCS_2018-22_DE.pdf.download.pdf SN002 - Nationale Strategie zum Schutz der Schweiz vor Cyber-Risiken (NCS) 2018-2022 (2018)]</ref><br/><br/>Cyberespace: Ensemble des infrastructures d’information et de communication (matériel et logiciel) qui échangent, créent, enregistrent et traitent des données ou transforment celles-ci en actions (physiques) ainsi que toutes les interactions permises par ces infrastructures entre des personnes, des organisations et des États. <ref>[https://www.isb.admin.ch/dam/isb/fr/dokumente/ikt-vorgaben/strategien/ncs/Nationale_Strategie_Schutz_Schweiz_vor_Cyber-Risiken_NCS_2018-22_FR.pdf.download.pdf SN002 - Stratégie nationale de protection de la Suisse contre les cyberrisques (SNPC) 2018-2022 (2018)]</ref><br/><br/>Cyberspazio: Comprende tutte le infrastrutture informatiche e per le comunicazioni (hardware e software) che consentono di scambiare, rilevare, memorizzare, elaborare dati oppure di convertirli in azioni (fisiche) e tutte le possibili interazioni che ne derivano tra persone, organizzazioni e Stati. <ref>[https://www.isb.admin.ch/dam/isb/it/dokumente/ikt-vorgaben/strategien/ncs/Nationale_Strategie_Schutz_Schweiz_vor_Cyber-Risiken_NCS_2018-22_IT.pdf.download.pdf SN002 - Strategia nazionale per la protezione della Svizzera contro i cyber-rischi (SNPC) 2018-2022 (2018)]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
− | ==== [[ | + | ==== [[Türkiye]] ==== |
{{definition|Siber ortam: Tüm dünyaya ve uzaya yayılmış durumda bulunan bilişim systemlerinden ve bunlan birbirine bağlayan ağlardan oluşan ortami. <ref>[http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/06/20130620-1-1.pdf UlUSAL SİBER GÜVENLİk STRATEJİSİ VE]</ref> <ref>[http://www.udhb.gov.tr/doc/siberg/2016-2019guvenlik.pdf 2016-2019 ULUSAL SİBER GÜVENLİK STRATEJİSİ]</ref><br/><br/>Cyberspace: The numeric environment composed of information systems spread over the entire world and space, the networks interconnecting these systems or independent information systems. <ref>[http://www.udhb.gov.tr/doc/siberg/UlusalSibereng.pdf Turkey's National Cyber Security Strategy 2016-2019 (2016)]</ref>}}<br /> | {{definition|Siber ortam: Tüm dünyaya ve uzaya yayılmış durumda bulunan bilişim systemlerinden ve bunlan birbirine bağlayan ağlardan oluşan ortami. <ref>[http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/06/20130620-1-1.pdf UlUSAL SİBER GÜVENLİk STRATEJİSİ VE]</ref> <ref>[http://www.udhb.gov.tr/doc/siberg/2016-2019guvenlik.pdf 2016-2019 ULUSAL SİBER GÜVENLİK STRATEJİSİ]</ref><br/><br/>Cyberspace: The numeric environment composed of information systems spread over the entire world and space, the networks interconnecting these systems or independent information systems. <ref>[http://www.udhb.gov.tr/doc/siberg/UlusalSibereng.pdf Turkey's National Cyber Security Strategy 2016-2019 (2016)]</ref>}}<br /> | ||
{{definition|Cyberspace is the environment which consists of information systems that span across the world including the networks that interconnect these systems. <ref>[http://www.enisa.europa.eu/activities/Resilience-and-CIIP/national-cyber-security-strategies-ncsss/TUR_NCSS.pdf Turkey's National Cyber Security Strategy and 2013-2014 Action Plan]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | {{definition|Cyberspace is the environment which consists of information systems that span across the world including the networks that interconnect these systems. <ref>[http://www.enisa.europa.eu/activities/Resilience-and-CIIP/national-cyber-security-strategies-ncsss/TUR_NCSS.pdf Turkey's National Cyber Security Strategy and 2013-2014 Action Plan]</ref>}}<br/><br/> | ||
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===== The White House ===== | ===== The White House ===== | ||
{{definition|The interdependent network of information and communications technology infrastructures, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems and networks, and embedded processors and controllers in facilities and industries. <ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/Cyberspace_Policy_Review_final.pdf The White House Cyberspace Policy Review, May 2009]</ref>}}<br/> | {{definition|The interdependent network of information and communications technology infrastructures, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems and networks, and embedded processors and controllers in facilities and industries. <ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/Cyberspace_Policy_Review_final.pdf The White House Cyberspace Policy Review, May 2009]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | ====[[Vanuatu]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Cyberspace: is the complex environment resulting from the interaction of people, software and services on the Internet by means of technology devices and networks connected to it, which does not exist in any physical form. <ref>[https://cert.gov.vu/images/ressources/Vanuatu_National_CyberSecurity_Strategy2030_Booklet.pdf National Cybersecurity Strategy 2030]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
+ | ====[[Zambia]]==== | ||
+ | {{definition|Cyberspace means physical and non-physical terrain created by and/or composed of some of all the following: computers, computer systems, networks, and their computer programmes, computer data, content data, traffic data, and users. <ref>[https://www.zicta.zm/storage/sites/attachments/TVV4W9VO7MgqBMtdHT4h09NNq8XSXyS3VVYU44PF.pdf National Cyber Security Policy]</ref>}}<br/> | ||
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===Regional Definitions=== | ===Regional Definitions=== | ||
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=====[[Isle of Man]]===== | =====[[Isle of Man]]===== | ||
{{definition|Cyberspace: the electronic world created by interconnected networks of information technology and the information on those networks. <ref>[https://www.gov.im/media/1363851/national-cyber-security-strategy.pdf Isle of Man National Cyber Security Strategy (2018-2022)]</ref>}}. It is a global commons where more than three billion people are linked together to exchange ideas, services and friendship<br/> | {{definition|Cyberspace: the electronic world created by interconnected networks of information technology and the information on those networks. <ref>[https://www.gov.im/media/1363851/national-cyber-security-strategy.pdf Isle of Man National Cyber Security Strategy (2018-2022)]</ref>}}. It is a global commons where more than three billion people are linked together to exchange ideas, services and friendship<br/> | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Security]] | [[Category:Security]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 23:39, 14 November 2023
Contents
- 1 Definitions
- 1.1 European Definitions
- 1.2 International Definitions
- 1.3 National Definitions
- 1.3.1 Albania
- 1.3.2 Australia
- 1.3.3 Austria
- 1.3.4 Belgium
- 1.3.5 Bermuda
- 1.3.6 Bulgaria
- 1.3.7 Burkina-Faso
- 1.3.8 Canada
- 1.3.9 Chile
- 1.3.10 Colombia
- 1.3.11 Costa Rica
- 1.3.12 Croatia
- 1.3.13 Cuba
- 1.3.14 Czech Republic
- 1.3.15 Dominican Republic
- 1.3.16 Dubai
- 1.3.17 Eswatini
- 1.3.18 Ethiopia
- 1.3.19 Finland
- 1.3.20 France
- 1.3.21 Germany
- 1.3.22 Guatemala
- 1.3.23 Hungary
- 1.3.24 India
- 1.3.25 Indonesia
- 1.3.26 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
- 1.3.27 Israel
- 1.3.28 Italy
- 1.3.29 Japan
- 1.3.30 Jordan
- 1.3.31 Kenya
- 1.3.32 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- 1.3.33 Kosovo
- 1.3.34 Kuwait
- 1.3.35 Kyrgyztan
- 1.3.36 Latvia
- 1.3.37 Lebanon
- 1.3.38 Liberia
- 1.3.39 Lithuania
- 1.3.40 Mexico
- 1.3.41 Moldova
- 1.3.42 Morocco
- 1.3.43 Mozambique
- 1.3.44 Netherlands
- 1.3.45 New Zealand
- 1.3.46 Nicaragua
- 1.3.47 Nigeria
- 1.3.48 North Macedonia
- 1.3.49 Philippines
- 1.3.50 Poland
- 1.3.51 Portugal
- 1.3.52 Qatar
- 1.3.53 Republic of Trinidad & Tobago
- 1.3.54 Romania
- 1.3.55 Russian Federation
- 1.3.56 Senegal
- 1.3.57 Singapore
- 1.3.58 Slovenia
- 1.3.59 South Africa
- 1.3.60 Spain
- 1.3.61 Switzerland
- 1.3.62 Türkiye
- 1.3.63 Ukraine
- 1.3.64 United Kingdom (UK)
- 1.3.65 United States
- 1.3.66 Vanuatu
- 1.3.67 Zambia
- 1.4 Regional Definitions
- 1.5 Dictionary
- 2 See also
- 3 Notes
- 4 References
Definitions
European Definitions
ECA
[BG] Киберпространство: Нематериалната глобална среда, в която се осъществява онлайн комуникация между хора, софтуер и услуги чрез компютърни мрежи и технологични устройства.
[CS] Kyberprostor: Nehmotné globální prostředí, v němž dochází k on-line komunikaci mezi lidmi, softwarem a službami prostřednictvím počítačových sítí a technologických zařízení.
[DE] Cyberraum: Das virtuelle globale Umfeld, in dem Menschen mithilfe von Computernetzen und technischen Geräten über Software mit Diensten online kommunizieren.
[DK] Cyberspace: Det uhåndgribelige globale miljø, hvor onlinekommunikation foregår mellem mennesker, software og tjenesteydelser via computernet og teknologisk udstyr.
[ES] Ciberespacio: Entorno global intangible en el que se produce la comunicación en línea entre las personas, el software y los servicios a través de redes informáticas y dispositivos tecnológicos.
[NE] Cyberspace: De immateriële wereldwijde omgeving waarin onlinecommunicatie plaatsvindt tussen mensen, software en diensten via computernetwerken en technologische apparaten.
International Definitions
NATO
CCD-CoE (Tallinn manual)
National Definitions
Albania
Australia
Austria
Cyberspace Cyber Raum / Cyber Space / Virtueller Raum: ist der virtuelle Raum aller auf Datenebene vernetzten IT-Systeme im globalen Maßstab. [7]
Belgium
Le Cyberespace est l'environment global né de l'interconnexion des systèmes d'information et de communication. [9]
Cyberspace is ruimer dan de informaticawereld en omvat eveneens de fysieke en virtuele computernetwerken, computersystemen, digitale media en digitale gegevens.
Bermuda
Bulgaria
Кибер пространство: сферата, в която информационната среда съставена от независими мрежи на информационни системни инфраструктури включително интернет, телекомуникационни мрежи, компютърни системи, вградени процесори и контролери се използват за обработване, съхраняване и пренасяне на информация и дейности на потребители. [11]
Burkina-Faso
Canada
Le cyberespace est le monde électronique créé par des réseaux interconnectés formés de systèmes de technologie de l’information et de l’information qui se trouve sur ses réseaux. [14]
Chile
Colombia
Cyber security is the ability of the state to minimize the level of risk their citizens from threats or incidents of cyber nature are exposed to.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Cyberspace is the digital environment enabling the origin, processing and exchange of information, made up of information systems and the services and networks of electronic communications. [23]
Dominican Republic
Dubai
يضم الفضاء الإلكتروني مزودي الاتصالات وخدمات الإنترنت والمؤسسات التي تقوم بتطوير البرمجيات والأجهزة الرقمية وتقديم ا ما تكون من القطاع الخاص أو الخدمات عبر الإنترنت والتي غالب المؤسسات شبه الحكومية، ويجب أمن هذا الفضاء، وكذلك المؤسسات المصنفة ضمن برنامج حماية
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Cyberspace: the communication space created by the worldwide interconnection of automated digital data processing equipment. [31]
Germany
Der Cyber-Raum ist der virtuelle Raum aller auf Datenebene vernetzten IT-Systeme im globalen Maßstab. (2011) [35]
Guatemala
Hungary
The Hungarian cyberspace includes the parts of the electronic information systems of the global cyberspace which are located in Hungary, as well as the societal and economic processes appearing in and through the electronic systems of the global cyberspace in the form of data and information that take place in, are directed to, or affect Hungary.
India
Indonesia
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Israel
Italy
Include tra l’altro internet, reti di comunicazione, sistemi attuatori di processo ed apparecchiature mobili dotate di connessione di rete.
defined by=Italy|
Japan
サイバー空間は「国境を意識することなく自由にアイディアを議論でき、そこで生ま [46]
Jordan
Kenya
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kosovo
Cyberspace is the virtual space of all IT systems linked at data level on a global scale. The basis for cyberspace is the Internet as a universal and publicly accessible connection and transport network which can be complemented and further expanded by any number of additional data networks. IT systems in an isolated virtual space are not part of cyberspace. [52]
Kuwait
Cyberspace or cyberspace environment: is figuratively the virtual space for computer systems and electronic networks, where information stored electronically and directly connect to the network, it is an intangible space including data such as personal information, electronic transactions, intellectual property and other related topics. [54]
Kyrgyztan
Latvia
Cyber space has no physical boarders.
Lebanon
Liberia
Lithuania
Cyber space has no physical boarders.
Mexico
Moldova
{raw translation} Information space - activity environment associated with the formation, creation, transformation, transmission, use, storage of the information it produces effects at the level of individual and social consciousness, information infrastructure and information.
Morocco
Cyberspace: A set of digitized data constituting an information universe and a communication medium, linked to the global interconnection of computers.
Mozambique
Netherlands
De digitale ruimte wordt vanuit drie invalshoeken of lagen benaderd: 1) digitale processen uitgevoerd (of in gang gezet) door mensen; 2) de technische laag (van IT en OT) die de digitale processen mogelijk maakt; 3) de risicomanagement- en/of governance laag die de twee andere lagen bestuurt.
The domain comprises both permanent, temporary or local connections, as well as information, such as data and programme codes, located in this domain where geographical limitations do not apply.
Het domein omvat zowel permanente als tijdelijke of plaatselijke verbindingen, evenals de gegevens (o.a. data, programmacode, informatie) die zich in dit domein bevinden, waarbij geen geografische beperkingen zijn gesteld.
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
North Macedonia
Philippines
(a) An interactive domain made up of digital networks that are used to store, modify and communicate information. It includes the internet, but also the other information systems that support our businesses, infrastructure and services;
(b) A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent network of information systems infrastructures including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers;
(c) A global domain within the virtual information environment consisting of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures including the internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems and embedded processors and control. [76]
Poland
Cyberprzestrzeń - przestrzeń przetwarzania i wymiany informacji tworzona przez systemy teleinformatyczne, określone w art. 3 pkt 3 ustawy z dnia 17 lutego 2005 r. o informatyzacji działalności podmiotów realizujących zadania publiczne (Dz. U. Nr 64, poz. 565, z późn. zm.) wraz z powiązaniami pomiędzy nimi oraz relacjami z użytkownikami; zgodnie z art. 2 ust. 1b ustawy z dnia 29 sierpnia 2002 r. o stanie wojennym oraz o kompetencjach Naczelnego Dowódcy Sił Zbrojnych i zasadach jego podległości konstytucyjnym organom Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Dz. U. Nr 156, poz. 1301, z późn. zm.), art. 2 ust. 1a ustawy z dnia 21 czerwca 2002 r. o stanie wyjątkowym (Dz. U. Nr 113, poz. 985, z późn. zm.) oraz art. 3 ust. 1 pkt 4 ustawy z dnia 18 kwietnia 2002 r. o stanie klęski żywiołowej (Dz. U. Nr 62, poz. 558, z późn. zm. ) [79]
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Trinidad & Tobago
Romania
Russian Federation
Information sphere is a set of information objects of information, information systems and websites in the information and telecommunication network "Internet" (hereinafter - the network "Internet"), communication networks, information technology, entities whose activities are related to the formation and information processing, development and use of these technologies, information security, as well as a set of appropriate regulation of public relations mechanisms.
Information space (raw translation): the activities associated with the formation, creation, transformation, transmission, use, and storage of information, have an impact, including individual and social consciousness, of information infrastructure and information itself.
Senegal
Singapore
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Switzerland
Cyber-Raum: Gesamtheit der Informations- und Kommunikationsinfrastrukturen (Hard- und Software), die untereinander Daten austauschen, diese erfassen, speichern, verarbeiten oder in (physische) Aktionen umwandeln, und der dadurch ermöglichten Interaktionen zwischen Personen, Organisationen und Staaten. [96]
Cyberespace: Ensemble des infrastructures d’information et de communication (matériel et logiciel) qui échangent, créent, enregistrent et traitent des données ou transforment celles-ci en actions (physiques) ainsi que toutes les interactions permises par ces infrastructures entre des personnes, des organisations et des États. [97]
Cyberspazio: Comprende tutte le infrastrutture informatiche e per le comunicazioni (hardware e software) che consentono di scambiare, rilevare, memorizzare, elaborare dati oppure di convertirli in azioni (fisiche) e tutte le possibili interazioni che ne derivano tra persone, organizzazioni e Stati. [98]
Türkiye
Cyberspace: The numeric environment composed of information systems spread over the entire world and space, the networks interconnecting these systems or independent information systems. [101]
Ukraine
{machine translation} Cyberspace - an environment (virtual space) that provides opportunities for communication and / or implementation of public relations, formed as a result of the operation of compatible (connected) communication systems and the provision of electronic communications using the Internet and / or other global transmission networks data. [103]
United Kingdom (UK)
Cyberspace may also refer to the virtual world or domain as an experienced phenomenon, or abstract concept. [104]
United States
DHS
NIST
DoD
The White House
Vanuatu
Zambia
Regional Definitions
Isle of Man
. It is a global commons where more than three billion people are linked together to exchange ideas, services and friendship
Dictionary
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ European Court of Auditors, Challenges to effective EU cybersecurity policy, Briefing Paper, March 2019
- ↑ Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare (2013)
- ↑ Dokumenti i Politikave për Sigurinë Kibernetike 2015 - 2017
- ↑ ENERGY REGULATOR AUTHORITY REGULATION ON CYBER SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE POWER SECTOR
- ↑ on-line glossary Stay Safe On-line
- ↑ Austrian Cyber Security Strategy, Federal Chancellery of the Republic of Austria, Vienna (2013)
- ↑ Österreichische Strategie für Cyber Sicherheit (2013)
- ↑ Cyber Security Strategy.be
- ↑ Cyber Security Strategy.be (2012)
- ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy 2018-2022
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 „Кибер устойчива България 2020” - Republic of Bulgaria: national cyber security strategy "Cyber Resilient Bulgaria 2020" (2016)
- ↑ Plan National de Cybersécurité (2010)
- ↑ Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy (2010). For a Stronger and More Prosperous Canada (2010)
- ↑ Stratégie de cybersécurité du Canada: renforcer le Canada et accroître sa prospérité. (2010)
- ↑ BASES PARA UNA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE CIBERSEGURIDAD, MARZO DE 2015, Chile
- ↑ Conpes 3510
- ↑ Conpes 3854 POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SEGURIDAD DIGITAL (2016)
- ↑ Estrategia Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Costa Rica (2023-2027)
- ↑ Estrategia Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Costa Rica (2017)
- ↑ Nacrt prijedloga Nacionalne Kibernetske Strategije / National Cyber Security Strategy draft (2015)
- ↑ Glossary of Cyber terms/Glosario de términos, Centro de Seguridad del Ciberespacio
- ↑ Výkladový slovník kybernetické bezpečnosti (2013)
- ↑ Act No. 181 of 23 July 2014 On Cyber Security and Change of Related Acts (Act on Cyber Security)
- ↑ AGN, Dominican Republic
- ↑ Dubai Cyber Security Strategy (2017)
- ↑ استراتيجية دبي للأمن الإلكتروني(Dubai Cyber Security Strategy - Arab version) (2017)
- ↑ ESWATINI NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY STRATEGY 2020 - 2025 (2020)
- ↑ (DRAFT) The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia National Cyber Security Policy and Strategy (2021)
- ↑ Vocabulary of Comprehensive Security. Helsinki (TSK 47) (2014)
- ↑ La Stratégie de la France en matière de défense et de sécurité des systèmes d’information (2011)
- ↑ Information systems defence and security: France's Strategy
- ↑ Cyber-Sicherheitsstrategie für Deutschland 2021
- ↑ Cyber-Sicherheitsstrategie für Deutschland 2016
- ↑ Cyber Security Strategy for Germany (2011)
- ↑ Cyber-Sicherheitstrategie für Deutschland (2011)
- ↑ La Estrategia Nacional de Seguridad Cibernética (June 2018)
- ↑ Government Decision No. 1139/2013 (21 March) on the National Cyber Security Strategy of Hungary (2013)
- ↑ Information Technology Act Ammendment (2008)
- ↑ PERATURAN MENTERI PERTAHANAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 82 TAHUN 2014
- ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy of Afghanistan (2014)
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 CERT.IL Glossary
- ↑ Advancing National Cyberspace Capabilities (2011)
- ↑ National Strategic Framework for the Security of Cyberspace (2013)
- ↑ IL LINGUAGGIO DEGLI ORGANISMI INFORMATIVI Glossario (2013)
- ↑ CYBERSECURITY STRATEGY 2015 (provisonal translation)
- ↑ サイバーセキュリティ戦略
- ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy (2018-2023)
- ↑ Kenya's National Cyber Security Strategy
- ↑ GUIDELINES ON CYBERSECURITY FOR PAYMENT SERVICE PROVIDERS, AUGUST 2018, Kenya
- ↑ Developing National Information Security Strategy for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia NISS draft 7
- ↑ Strategjia Shtetërore për Sigurinë Kibernetike dhe Plani i Veprimit 2016 – 2019
- ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy and Action Plan 2016 – 2019 (2015)
- ↑ الاستراتيجية الوطنية للأمن السيبراني لدولة الكويت (2017-2020)
- ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy 2017-2020
- ↑ СТРАТЕГИЯ кибербезопасности Кыргызской Республики на 2019-2023 годы
- ↑ Latvia's National Cyber Security Strategy
- ↑ Lebanon Cyber Security Strategy v2
- ↑ Government of Liberia’s Policy for the Telecommunications and Information Communications Technology (ICT) sectors
- ↑ via CCD-CoE
- ↑ Estragia Nacional de Ciberseguridad (November 2017)
- ↑ Strategia naţională de apărare 2017
- ↑ STRATEGIE NATIONALE EN MATIERE DE CYBERSECURITE, Morocco, 2011
- ↑ Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Cibernética de Moçambique (2021-2024)
- ↑ Estratégia Nacional de Segurança Cibernética de Moçambique (2017 - 2021)
- ↑ Cybersecuritybeeld Nederland 2023
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 National Cyber Security Strategy 2 (2013)
- ↑ Nederlandse Cybersecurity Strategie 2022-2028: Ambities en acties voor een digitaal veilige samenleving
- ↑ Cyber Security Beeld Nederland 2020
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 New Zealand’s Cyber Security Strategy (2019)
- ↑ DE APROBACIÓN DE LA “ESTRATEGIA NACIONAL DE CIBERSEGURIDAD 2020-2025” (asamblea.gob.ni)
- ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy Nigeria (2014)
- ↑ DRAFT ACTION PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY STRATEGY 2019
- ↑ НАЦИОНАЛНА СТРАТЕГИЈА ЗА САЈБЕР БЕЗБЕДНОСТ НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА 2018 -2022
- ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy of the Republic of Macedonia (2018)
- ↑ Philippine National Cyber Security Plan 2005
- ↑ DND GLOSSARY OF CYBER SECURITY TERMS (v.4)
- ↑ National Cyber Security Plan 2022 (May 2017)
- ↑ Strategia Cyberbezpieczeństwa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na lata 2017-2022
- ↑ 79.0 79.1 Warsaw (2013)
- ↑ Glossário Centro National de Cibersegurança Portugal
- ↑ Quadro Nacional de Referência para a Cibersegurança
- ↑ QATAR National Cyber Security Strategy (May 2014)
- ↑ الاستراتيجية الوطنية للأمن السيبراني QATAR NCSS - Arabic version (May 2014)
- ↑ Government of the Republic of Trinidad & Tobago, National Cyber Security Strategy (December 2012)
- ↑ Hotărârea nr. 271/2013 pentru aprobarea Strategiei de securitate cibernetică
- ↑ GLOSAR de termeni din domeniul ordinii şi siguranţei publice, MINISTERUL ADMINISTRAŢIEI ŞI INTERNELOR DIRECŢIA GENERALĂ ORGANIZARE, PLANIFICARE MISIUNI ŞI RESURSE
- ↑ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 05.12.2016 № 646 "Об утверждении Доктрины информационной безопасности Российской Федерации"
(Presidential Decree of 12.5.2016 number 646 "On approval of the Doctrine of the Russian Federation Information Security") - ↑ КОНЦЕПЦИЯ СТРАТЕГИИ КИБЕРБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (Draft Cyber Security Strategy 2016)
- ↑ STRATÉGIE NATIONALE DE CYBERSÉCURITÉ DU SÉNÉGAL (SNC2022)
- ↑ Singapore Cyber Landscape 2017
- ↑ Strategija kibernetske varnosti (2016)
- ↑ South Africa Cyber Security Policy, Staatskoerant No. 32963, 10 Feb 2010
- ↑ ESTRATEGIA DE CIBERSEGURIDAD NACIONAL 2013
- ↑ CIBERSEGURIDAD. RETOS Y AMENAZAS A LA SEGURIDAD NACIONAL EN EL CIBERESPACIO, MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA (2010)
- ↑ SN002 - National strategy for Switzerland’s protection against cyber risks (NCS) 2018-2022 (2018)
- ↑ SN002 - Nationale Strategie zum Schutz der Schweiz vor Cyber-Risiken (NCS) 2018-2022 (2018)
- ↑ SN002 - Stratégie nationale de protection de la Suisse contre les cyberrisques (SNPC) 2018-2022 (2018)
- ↑ SN002 - Strategia nazionale per la protezione della Svizzera contro i cyber-rischi (SNPC) 2018-2022 (2018)
- ↑ UlUSAL SİBER GÜVENLİk STRATEJİSİ VE
- ↑ 2016-2019 ULUSAL SİBER GÜVENLİK STRATEJİSİ
- ↑ Turkey's National Cyber Security Strategy 2016-2019 (2016)
- ↑ Turkey's National Cyber Security Strategy and 2013-2014 Action Plan
- ↑ ЗАКОН УКРАЇНИ - Про основні засади забезпечення кібербезпеки України / THE LAW OF UKRAINE: About the basic principles of providing cyber security of Ukraine 2163-19
- ↑ National Cyber Security Strategy 2016, HM Government
- ↑ The UK Cyber Security Strategy Protecting and promoting the UK in a digital world (2011)
- ↑ DHS/NICSS Glossary
- ↑ NIST Special Publication 800-53 Rev 4: Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations (April 2013)
- ↑ Joint Publication 1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (2016)
- ↑ The White House Cyberspace Policy Review, May 2009
- ↑ National Cybersecurity Strategy 2030
- ↑ National Cyber Security Policy
- ↑ Isle of Man National Cyber Security Strategy (2018-2022)
- ↑ Cybersecurity Woordenboek 2021