Cybercrime

From CIPedia
Revision as of 23:56, 10 December 2017 by Eluiijf (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Definitions

European/EU Definitions

Cybercrime consists of criminal acts that are committed online by using electronic communications networks and information systems. It is a borderless problem that can be classified in three broad definitions:
1. Crimes specific to the Internet, such as attacks against information systems or phishing (e.g. fake bank websites to solicit passwords enabling access to victims' bank accounts).
2. Online fraud and forgery. Large-scale fraud can be committed online through instruments such as identity theft, phishing, spam and malicious code.
3. Illegal online content, including child sexual abuse material, incitement to racial hatred, incitement to terrorist acts and glorification of violence, terrorism, racism and xenophobia. [1]



National Definitions

Australia

Cybercrime refers to crimes directed at computers, such as illegally modifying electronic data or seeking a ransom to unlock a computer affected by malicious software. [2]

It also includes crimes where computers facilitate an existing offence, such as online fraud or online child sex offences.

Austria

Cyber crime is defined as computer offences under the Commonwealth Criminal Code Act 1995 (Part 10.7) which involve the unauthorised access to, modification or impairment of electronic communications. [3]

Cyberkriminalität umfasst rechtswidrige Angriffe aus dem Cyber Raum auf oder mittels IKTSystemen, die strafrechtlich oder verwaltungsstrafrechtlich normiert sind und umfasst somit jede Form von Straftaten, die mit Hilfe von Informationstechnologien und Kommunikationsnetzen begangen werden. Auch die Internetkriminalität zählt dazu. [4]


Bulgaria

Кибер престъпление – престъпни цели (действия), които се определят в качеството на такива в националното и/или международното законодателство насочени към и/или използващи кибер пространството. [5]


Canada

Cybercrime is a crime committed with the aid of, or directly involving, a data processing system or computer network (ISO/IEC 2382-8: 1998). Cybercrime can include the destruction, disclosure or modification of data, the theft of physical or intellectual property, computer services, passwords or credit card numbers, a denial of service attack or fraud. [6]

Délit commis à l’aide d’un système informatique ou d’un réseau d’ordinateurs ou les impliquant directement (ISO/CEI 2382-8:1998). Un crime cybernétique peut comprendre la destruction, la divulgation ou la modification de données, le vol de biens physiques, de propriété intellectuelle, de services d’ordinateur, de mots de passe ou de numéros de cartes de crédit, le déclenchement d’une attaque entraînant un refus de service ou la fraude. [6]


Chile

Cibercrimen: son los actos delictuales donde el ciberespacio es el objeto del delito o su principal herramienta para cometer ilícitos contra individuos, organizaciones, empresas o gobiernos. [7]



Colombia

Ciberdelincuencia: Acciones ilícitas que son cometidas mediante la utilización de un bien o servicio informático. (Ministerio de Defensa de Colombia). [8]


Cibercrímen (delito cibernético): conjunto de actividades ilegales asociadas con el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, como fin o como medio. [9]



Costa Rica

Ciberdelincuencia: Conjunto de personas y organizaciones que cometen delitos mediante la Internet o alguna red de computadoras. [10]



France

Cybercriminalité: Actes contrevenants aux traités internationaux ou aux lois nationales, utilisant les réseaux ou les systèmes d’information comme moyens de réalisation d’un délit ou d’un crime, ou les ayant pour cible. [11]

Acts contravening international treaties and national laws, targeting networks or information systems, or using them to commit an offence or crime. [12]



Indonesia

Illegal contents/cyber crime: kejahatan ini dilakukan dengan memasukkan data atau informasi ke internet tentang sesuatu yangtidak benar, tidak etis dan dapat dianggap melanggar hukum atau mengganggu ketertiban umum. Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag


Delitos cibernéticos o Ciberdelitos. ​Acciones delictivas que utilizan como medio o como fin a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación y que se encuentran tipificados​ ​en​ ​algún​ ​código​ ​penal​ ​u​ ​otro​ ​ordenamiento​ ​nacional. [13]



Morocco

Cybercriminalité: Toutes les infractions pénales susceptibles de se commettre sur ou au moyen d’un système informatique généralement connecté à un réseau. [14]

Cyberattacks: Malicious acts against a computer device, usually via a telecommunications network.



New Zealand

Cybercrime has two elements:
(1) A criminal act that can only be committed through the use of ICT or the Internet and where the computer or network is the target of the offence. This is regardless of what the criminal goal is – whether political or financial gain, espionage or any other reason. Examples of cybercrime include producing malicious software, network intrusions, denial of service attacks and phishing.
(2) Cyber-enabled crime is any criminal act that could be committed without ICT or the Internet, but is assisted, facilitated or escalated in scale by the use of technology. This includes a vast amount of serious and organised crime, such as cyber-enabled fraud or the distribution of child exploitation material. [15]



Cyber crime (or computer crime) is any crime where information and communications technology is: (1) used as a tool in the commission of an offence, (2) the target of an offence, (3) a storage device in the commission of an offence. [16]



Oman

Cyber Crimes: The crimes which are referred to in this law. [17] [18]



Philippines

Cybercrime - Criminal activities carried out through the use of information and communication networks, especially the internet. [19]



Portugal

[Definição] Crime Informático – Atos criminosos cometidos cometidos on-line utilizando redes de comunicação eletrónicas e sistemas de informação. [20]



Qatar

Cyber Crime: Misconduct or crime committed using technology. [21]

الجريمة الاإلك�ت ونية - ي القانــو�ني للأنظمــة � ســوء الســلوك أو الجريمــة المرتكبــة باســتخدام تكنولوجيــا المعلومــات والاتصــالات. عــلى ســبيل المثــال، الوصــول غــ أو المعلومــات أو الاحتيــال أو سرقــة الهويــة أو الهجمــات المتعلقــة بالمحتــوى. [22]

Examples of cyber crime may include illegal access to systems or information, fraud, identity theft, or content-related offenses such as spam.

Romania

Criminalitatea informatică - totalitatea faptelor prevăzute de legea penală sau de alte legi speciale care prezintă pericol social şi sunt săvârşite cu vinovăţie, prin intermediul ori asupra infrastructurilor cibernetice. [23]



South Africa

Cybercrime: Illegal acts committed through the use of Information and Communication Technology (National Cybersecurity Policy Framework South Africa). [24]



Ukraine

кіберзлочин (комп’ютерний злочин) - суспільно небезпечне винне діяння у кіберпросторі та/або з його використанням, відповідальність за яке передбачена законом України про кримінальну відповідальність та/або яке визнано злочином міжнародними договорами України.

{machine translation} cybercrime (computer crime) - a socially dangerous offense in cyberspace and / or its use, liability for which is provided for by the law of Ukraine on criminal liability and / or recognized as a crime by international treaties of Ukraine. [25]



United Kingdom (UK)

Cyber crime – cyber-dependent crime (crimes that can only be committed through the use of ICT devices, where the devices are both the tool for committing the crime and the target of the crime); or cyber–enabled crime (crimes that may be committed without ICT devices, like financial fraud, but are changed significantly by use of ICT in terms of scale and reach). [26]



Other Definitions

East-West Institute (Russia-US)

Киберпреступление: использование киберпространства, в преступных целях, которые определяются в качестве таковых национальным или международным законодательством

Cyber!Crime is the use of cyberspace for criminal purposes as defined by national or internationallaw. [27]


See also

Notes

  1. webpage MIGRATION AND HOME AFFAIRS CYBERCRIME
  2. Australia's International Cyber Engagement Strategy (2017)
  3. Austrian Cyber Security Strategy, Federal Chancellery of the Republic of Austria, Vienna (2013)
  4. Österreichische Strategie für Cyber Sicherheit (2013)
  5. „Кибер устойчива България 2020” - Republic of Bulgaria: national cyber security strategy "Cyber Resilient Bulgaria 2020" (2016)
  6. 6.0 6.1 Vocabulaire de la gestion des urgencies / Emergency Management Vocabulary
  7. BASES PARA UNA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE CIBERSEGURIDAD, MARZO DE 2015, Chile
  8. Lineamientos de política para ciberseguridad y ciberdefensa (2011)
  9. Conpes 3854 POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SEGURIDAD DIGITAL (2016)
  10. Estrategia Nacional de Ciberseguridad de Costa Rica (2017)
  11. Défense et sécurité des systèmes d’information Stratégie de la France]
  12. Information systems defence and security - France’s strategy
  13. Estragia Nacional de Ciberseguridad (November 2017)
  14. STRATEGIE NATIONALE EN MATIERE DE CYBERSECURITE, Morocco, 2011
  15. New Zealand’s National Plan to Address Cybercrime (2015)
  16. [ https://www.enisa.europa.eu/topics/national-cyber-security-strategies/ncss-map/strategies/new-zealands-cyber-security-strategy/view/++widget++form.widgets.file/@@download/NZ_NCSS.pdf New Zealand’s Cyber Security Strategy (2011)]
  17. Oman Royal Decree No 12/2011 Issuing the Cyber Crime Law (English)
  18. Oman Royal Decree No 12/2011 Issuing the Cyber Crime Law (Arabic)
  19. DND GLOSSARY OF CYBER SECURITY TERMS (v.4)
  20. Glossário Centro National de Cibersegurança Portugal
  21. QATAR National Cyber Security Strategy (May 2014)
  22. الاستراتيجية الوطنية للأمن السيبراني QATAR NCSS - Arabic version (May 2014)
  23. Hotărârea nr. 271/2013 pentru aprobarea Strategiei de securitate cibernetică
  24. National Integrated ICT Policy White Paper South Africa
  25. ЗАКОН УКРАЇНИ - Про основні засади забезпечення кібербезпеки України / THE LAW OF UKRAINE: About the basic principles of providing cyber security of Ukraine 2163-19
  26. National Cyber Security Strategy 2016, HM Government
  27. RUSSIA-­‐U.S. BILATERAL ON CYBERSECURITY: CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY FOUNDATIONS